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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 May 18.
Published in final edited form as: Br J Nutr. 2017 Jun 13;117(10):1470–1477. doi: 10.1017/S0007114517001325

Table 4:

Association of quintiles of total-flavonoid and flavonoid-class consumption with risk of all-cause mortality1

Quintile 1 Quintile 2 Quintile 3 Quintile 4 Quintile 5 P for trend
Total-flavonoid intake (mg/d) < 138 138 – <207 207 – < 308 308 – <518 ≥ 518
 Person-years 355 151 368 485 370 364 372 609 372 295
 Deaths (n) 433 390 323 351 397
 Age-adjusted 1.00 (referent) 0.85 (0.74–0.97) 0.69 (0.60–0.80) 0.73 (0.63–0.84) 0.81 (0.71–0.93) 0.10
 Multivariable-adjusted2 1.00 (referent) 0.96 (0.84–1.11) 0.81 (0.70–0.94) 0.86 (0.74–0.99) 0.92 (0.80–1.06) 0.59
Flavonol intake (mg/d) < 9 9 – < 13 13 – < 17 17 – < 26 ≥ 26
 Person-years 361 301 368 810 370 972 372 134 365 687
 Deaths (n) 398 347 345 356 448
 Age-adjusted 1.00 (referent) 0.83 (0.71–0.95) 0.82 (0.69–0.92) 0.80 (0.69–0.92) 1.00 (0.87–1.14) 0.030
 Multivariable-adjusted2 1.00 (referent) 0.90 (0.78–1.05) 0.89 (0.77–1.04) 0.88 (0.76–1.03) 1.08 (0.94–1.25) 0.006
Flavan-3-ol intake (mg/d) < 12 12 – < 19 19 – < 39 39 – < 86 ≥ 86
 Person-years 352 706 366 094 372 429 373 445 374 230
 Deaths (n) 428 399 335 335 397
 Age-adjusted 1.00 (referent) 0.88 (0.77–1.01) 0.72 (0.62–0.83) 0.71 (0.62–0.82) 0.82 (0.72–0.94) 0.30
 Multivariable-adjusted2 1.00 (referent) 0.99 (0.86–1.14) 0.81 (0.70–0.94) 0.79 (0.69–0.92) 0.90 (0.78–1.03) 0.30
Proanthcyanin intake (mg/d) < 79 79 – < 126 126 – < 200 200 – < 356 ≥ 356
 Person-years 352 476 367 583 372 126 373 157 373 562
 Deaths (n) 435 400 327 331 401
 Age-adjusted 1.00 (referent) 0.87 (0.76–1.00) 0.70 (0.61–0.81) 0.69 (0.60–0.80) 0.82 (0.72–0.94) 0.78
 Multivariable-adjusted2 1.00 (referent) 0.98 (0.85–1.13) 0.81 (0.70–0.94) 0.80 (0.69–0.93) 0.92 (0.80–1.05) 0.42
Flavone intake (mg/d) < 0.7 0.7 – < 1.1 1.1 – < 1.5 1.5 – < 2.2 ≥ 2.2
 Person-years 362 321 371 169 371 600 371 692 362 121
 Deaths (n) 404 381 369 335 405
 Age-adjusted 1.00 (referent) 0.90 (0.78–1.03) 0.84 (0.73–0.97) 0.75 (0.65–0.86) 0.89 (0.77–1.02) 0.007
 Multivariable-adjusted2 1.00 (referent) 1.00 (0.87–1.16) 1.00 (0.87–1.16) 0.92 (0.79–1.07) 1.11 (0.96–1.29) 0.96
Flavanone intake (mg/d) < 9 9 – < 17 17 – < 30 30 – < 51 ≥ 51
 Person-years 360 666 370 612 373 056 372 588 361 982
 Deaths (n) 373 378 389 380 374
 Age-adjusted 1.00 (referent) 0.98 (0.85–1.13) 0.98 (0.85–1.13) 0.94 (0.81–1.08) 0.92 (0.80–1.06) 0.75
 Multivariable-adjusted2 1.00 (referent) 1.07 (0.93–1.24) 1.11 (0.96–1.28) 1.11 (0.96–1.28) 1.11 (0.97–1.30) 0.015
Anthocyanin intake (mg/d) < 3 3 – < 5 5 – < 9 9 – < 17 ≥ 17
 Person-years 354 483 368 366 374 278 373 382 368 395
 Deaths (n) 456 407 331 336 364
 Age-adjusted 1.00 (referent) 0.85 (0.74–0.97) 0.67 (0.58–0.77) 0.67 (0.58–0.77) 0.71 (0.62–0.82) <0.001
 Multivariable-adjusted2 1.00 (referent) 0.96 (0.84–1.10) 0.81 (0.70–0.94) 0.85 (0.73–0.99) 0.92 (0.79–1.08) 0.10
1

Results are HR (95% CI) and n(%) where appropriate. n = 93,145.

2

Multivariable adjusted model includes: age, body mass index, smoking status, menopausal status, family history of diabetes, cancer and myocardial infarction, multivitamin supplement use, Aspirin use, race, type 2 diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, physical activity, caloric intake, alcohol consumption and the Alternative Health Eating Index (minus alcohol) score