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Low-magnification high-angle annular dark field (HAADF) of (a) hydrolyzed [Ce(NO3)6]2- and (b) CeO2-NP (3nm, Strem) in graphene liquid cells. Inserts show high-resolution images of the nano-particles revealing lattice fringes. Electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) of the Ce M-edges for (c) hydrolyzed [Ce(NO3)6]2- and (d) CeO2-NP (3nm, Strem) in graphene liquid cells, showing the M4/M5 ratio expected for a Ce(IV) valence state.
