Table 4.
Associations between health-related quality of life, functional status, and unmet supportive care needs (n=103)
| Variables | Global health of EORTC QLQ 30 | Functional domains of EORTC QLQ C30 | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Physical | Role | |||||||||||
| Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | |||||||
| Mean (SD)/correlation | P | β (SE) | P | Mean (SD)/correlation | P | β (SE) | P | Mean (SD)/correlation | P | β (SE) | P | |
| Sociodemographic variables | ||||||||||||
| Age | −0.14 | NS | NE | NE | −0.11 | NS | NE | NE | −0.06 | NS | NE | NE |
| Gender | ||||||||||||
| Male (ref) | 55.70 (19.90) | 73.9 (20.0) | 61.6 (24.6) | |||||||||
| Female | 56.31 (24.01) | 0.752 | NE | NE | 73.7 (19.4) | 0.952 | NE | NE | 67.1 (24.7) | 0.280 | NE | NE |
| Marital status | ||||||||||||
| Single/widowed/divorced/separated (ref) | 64.35 (23.54) | 69.6 (20.9) | 54.6 (26.7) | |||||||||
| Married | 55.69 (20.70) | 0.882 | NE | NE | 74.8 (19.5) | 0.320 | NE | NE | 65.5 (24.0) | 0.090 | 13.36 (5.41) | <0.01 |
| Ethnicity | ||||||||||||
| Non-Chinese (Malay/Indian/others) (ref) | 52.78 (19.07) | 74.3 (19.8) | 65.3 (23.7) | |||||||||
| Chinese | 57.96 (21.73) | 0.420 | NE | NE | 71.1 (19.8) | 0.563 | NE | NE | 53.3 (28.3) | 0.081 | NS | NS |
| Clinical variables | ||||||||||||
| Cancer stage | ||||||||||||
| Stage III (ref) | 70.51 (15.45) | 77.4 (18.2) | 60.3 (28.5) | |||||||||
| Stage IV | 55.28 (21.47) | <0.05 | −15.24 (6.19) | <0.05 | 73.3 (20.0) | 0.486 | NE | NE | 64.1 (24.2) | 0.604 | NE | NE |
| Time since diagnosis | ||||||||||||
| <1 year (ref) | 54.47 (23.07) | 75.1 (18.9) | 65.2 (24.9) | |||||||||
| ≥1 year | 58.57 (17.98) | 0.637 | NE | NE | 71.5 (21.3) | 0.374 | NE | NE | 60.7 (24.3) | 0.377 | NE | NE |
| Surgery | ||||||||||||
| No (ref) | 56.96 (21.85) | 72.8 (19.8) | 63.3 (24.4) | |||||||||
| Yes | 58.33 (19.39) | 0.806 | NE | NE | 78.5 (19.1) | 0.271 | NE | NE | 64.8 (26.8) | 0.818 | NE | NE |
| Systematic treatment | ||||||||||||
| Chemotherapy only (ref) | 56.06 (22.58) | 73.1 (18.3) | 62.4 (25.0) | |||||||||
| Chemotherapy and radiotherapy | 59.23 (19.12) | 0.472 | NE | NE | 75.1 (22.3) | 0.623 | NE | NE | 65.8 (24.2) | 0.506 | NE | NE |
| Number of comorbidities | −0.01 | NS | NE | NE | −0.260 | <0.01 | NS | NS | −0.176 | NS | NE | NE |
| Functional status | ||||||||||||
| ECOG PS | ||||||||||||
| 0-1 (ref) | 55.89 (21.58) | 81.8 (15.8) | 71.3 (23.5) | |||||||||
| ≥1 | 58.89 (21.20) | 0.483 | NE | NE | 63.6 (19.7) | <0.001 | NS | NS | 53.7 (22.7) | <0.001 | NS | NS |
| IADL scores | −0.08 | NS | NE | NE | 0.581 | <0.01 | 3.84 (0.96) | <0.001 | 0.448 | <0.01 | 4.55 (1.33) | <0.01 |
| SCNS SF-34 | ||||||||||||
| Physical and daily living | −0.04 | NS | NE | NE | −0.571 | <0.01 | −0.21 (0.10) | <0.05 | −0.454 | <0.01 | −0.35 (0.11) | <0.01 |
| Psychological | −0.07 | NS | NE | NE | −0.581 | <0.01 | −0.23 (0.10) | <0.05 | −0.400 | <0.01 | NS | NS |
| Sexual | −0.08 | NS | NE | NE | −0.054 | NS | NE | NE | −0.096 | NS | NE | NE |
| Patient care | −0.05 | NS | NE | NE | −0.190 | NS | NE | NE | −0.096 | NS | NE | NE |
| Health system and information | −0.09 | NS | NE | NE | −0.184 | NS | NE | NE | −0.028 | NS | NE | NE |
| R2 | 0.06 | 0.470 | 0.320 | |||||||||
| Sociodemographic variables | ||||||||||||
| Age | −0.06 | NS | NE | NE | −0.04 | NS | NE | NE | −0.07 | NS | NE | NE |
| Gender | ||||||||||||
| Male (ref) | 75.1 (23.6) | 87.1 (20.1) | 65.4 (24.5) | |||||||||
| Female | 75.0 (22.0) | 0.979 | NE | NE | 85.1 (20.3) | 0.636 | NE | NE | 64.9 (23.8) | 0.914 | NE | NE |
| Marital status | ||||||||||||
| Single/widowed/divorced/separated (ref) | 74.5 (21.9) | 83.3 (18.1) | 63.9 (20.8) | |||||||||
| Married | 75.2 (23.3) | 0.912 | NE | NE | 87.1 (20.8) | 0.482 | NE | NE | 65.5 (24.9) | 0.800 | NE | NE |
| Ethnicity | ||||||||||||
| Non-Chinese (Malay/Indian/others) (ref) | 75.1 (22.3) | 86.7 (19.8) | 65.7 (23.1) | |||||||||
| Chinese | 75.0 (26.9) | 0.988 | NE | NE | 84.4 (24.0) | 0.688 | NE | NE | 62.2 (30.5) | 0.607 | NE | NE |
| Clinical variables | ||||||||||||
| Cancer stage | ||||||||||||
| Stage III (ref) | 78.9 (22.0) | 89.7 (20.0) | 71.8 (24.0) | |||||||||
| Stage IV | 74.5 (23.1) | 0.529 | NE | NE | 85.9 (20.4) | 0.529 | NE | NE | 64.3 (24.2) | 0.295 | NE | NE |
| Time since diagnosis | ||||||||||||
| <1 year (ref) | 75.8 (22.4) | 86.8 (20.2) | 66.9 (23.3) | |||||||||
| ≥1 year | 73.8 (24.2) | 0.690 | NE | NE | 85.7 (20.8) | 0.782 | NE | NE | 62.0 (25.7) | 0.331 | NE | NE |
| Surgery | ||||||||||||
| No (ref) | 72.6 (23.5) | 84.9 (20.7) | 63.1 (24.3) | |||||||||
| Yes | 86.6 (16.2) | 0.018 | −10.38 (4.13) | <0.05 | 93.5 (17.3) | 0.102 | NS | NS | 75.0 (21.6) | 0.058 | NS | NS |
| Systematic treatment | ||||||||||||
| Chemotherapy only (ref) | 75.3 (22.6) | 84.8 (21.2) | 66.2 (23.9) | |||||||||
| Chemotherapy and radiotherapy | 74.8 (23.9) | 0.920 | NE | NE | 89.2 (18.5) | 0.300 | NE | NE | 63.5 (24.8) | 0.596 | NE | NE |
| Number of comorbidities | −0.326 | <0.01 | −4.93 (2.29) | <0.05 | −0.113 | NS | NE | NE | −0.200 | <0.05 | NS | NS |
| Functional status | ||||||||||||
| ECOG PS | ||||||||||||
| 0-1 (ref) | 83.5 (19.0) | 92.8 (13.3) | 72.1 (21.3) | |||||||||
| ≥2 | 64.3 (23.2) | <0.001 | NS | NS | 78.2 (24.6) | <0.001 | NS | NS | 56.3 (25.0) | <0.001 | NS | NS |
| IADL | 0.469 | <0.01 | NS | NS | 0.452 | <0.01 | 2.65 (1.06) | <0.05 | 0.477 | x003C;0.01 | 3.93 (1.29) | <0.01 |
| Unmet supportive care needs | ||||||||||||
| Physical and daily living | −0.546 | <0.01 | NS | NS | −0.434 | <0.01 | NS | NS | −0.485 | <0.01 | NS | NS |
| Psychological | −0.700 | <0.01 | −0.71 (0.08) | <0.001 | −0.527 | <0.01 | −0.36 (0.10) | <0.001 | −0.516 | <0.01 | −0.43 (0.11) | <0.001 |
| Sexual | 0.078 | NS | NE | NE | −0.138 | NS | NE | NE | −0.002 | NS | NE | NE |
| Patient care | −0.202 | <0.01 | NS | NS | −0.194 | <0.05 | NS | NS | −0.091 | NS | NE | NE |
| Health system and information | −0.167 | NS | NE | NE | −0.323 | <0.01 | −0.29 (0.11) | <0.001 | −0.178 | NS | NE | NE |
| R2 | 0.538 | 0.369 | 0.329 | |||||||||
β: Regression coefficient; SE: Standard error of the regression coefficient; NE: Not entered into the multivariate regression model; NS: Not significant in the analysis; IADL: Lawton and Brody's index Instrumental Activity of Daily Living; SCNS-SF34: 34-item Supportive Care Needs Survey Short Form; EORTC QLQ C30: European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Core-30-item quality of life questionnaire, SD: Standard deviation