. 2019 Sep 3;66(2):205–213. doi: 10.1093/cz/zoz041

Table 1.

Information on the studies assessing non-human animal susceptibility to the Müller–Lyer illusion

Taxa	Species tested	Sample size	Susceptible?	Reference
Mammals	Capuchin monkeys	10	Yes	Suganuma et al. (2007)
Mammals	Cebus apella	10	Yes	Suganuma et al. (2007)
	Rhesus monkeys	2	Yes	Tudusciuc and Nieder (2010)
	Macaca mulatta	2	Yes	Tudusciuc and Nieder (2010)
	Dogs	7	No	Keep et al. (2018)
	Canis familiaris	7	No	Keep et al. (2018)
Birds	Ringneck doves	2	Yes	Warden and Baar (1929)
Birds	Streptopelia risoria	2	Yes	Warden and Baar (1929)
	Homing pigeons	5	Yes	Malott et al. (1967)
	Columba livia	5	Yes	Malott et al. (1967)
	Homing pigeons	3	Yes	Nakamura et al. (2006)
	Columba livia	3	Yes	Nakamura et al. (2006)
	Homing pigeons	3	Yes	Nakamura et al. (2009)
	Columba livia	3	Yes	Nakamura et al. (2009)
	African gray parrot	1	Yes	Pepperberg et al. (2008)
	Psittacus erithacus	1	Yes	Pepperberg et al. (2008)
Fish	Bamboo sharks	8	No	Fuss et al. (2014)
Fish	Chiloscyllium griseum	8	No	Fuss et al. (2014)
	Redtail splitfin fish	6	Yes	Sovrano et al. (2015)
	Xenotoca eiseni	6	Yes	Sovrano et al. (2015)