Table 2. Clinical characteristics of the patients.
| Factors | Number/percentage or Mean ± standard deviation | Group CES-D scores | Test value | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| The duration of diabetes | 1∼32 years 7.27±6.12 years | -0.0041 | 0.98 | |
| Longer duration of diabetes | 0.263 | 0.79 | ||
| <=10 years | 104 (77.04%) | 10.97±9.35 | ||
| >10 years | 31 (22.96%) | 10.52±7.29 | ||
| Insulin using | 0.113 | 0.91 | ||
| No | 102 (75.56%) | 10.91±9.23 | ||
| Yes | 33 (24.44%) | 10.73±7.89 | ||
| HbA1C | 5.2∼14.7% 7.91±1.69% | 0.0161 | 0.86 | |
| Good sugar control | -0.283 | 0.78 | ||
| HbA1C<=7% | 42 (31.11%) | 11.17±8.85 | ||
| HbA1C>7% | 93 (68.89%) | 10.73±8.23 | ||
| CES-D | 0∼36 points 10.87±8.40 points | |||
| Depression tendency | ||||
| Low (CES-D<16) | 107 (79.26%) | |||
| High (CES-D≧16) | 28 (20.74%) | |||
| CHLSD | 14-68 points 59.70±8.55 points | -0.1811 | 0.036* | |
| Health literacy | 2.5842 | 0.108 | ||
| Insufficient (CHLSD≦53) | 18 (13.33%) | 14.72±10.46 | ||
| Enough (CHLSD>53) | 117 (86.67%) | 10.27±7.92 | ||
| Self-rated health status | 0∼10 points 5.89±1.70 points | -0.2801 | 0.001* |
1
Pearson’s correlation coefficient
2
Kruskal–Wallis test
3
t-test
*
statistically significant.
CES-D: Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; CHLSD: Chinese Health Literacy Scale for Diabetes.