Table 1.
Clinical Characteristics of Randomized Participants (N=27)
| Characteristic | Total (N=27) | 1500 mg (N=12) | 3000 mg (N=15) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 62.0 ± 10.5 | 59.5 ± 9.1 | 63.9 ± 11.4 |
| Male, N %) | 22 (81) | 9 (75) | 13 (87) |
| Race, N (%) | |||
| Caucasian | 20 (74) | 9 (75) | 11 (73) |
| African-American | 4 (15) | 2 (17) | 2 (13) |
| Other | 3 (11) | 1 (8) | 2 (13) |
| Recent (≤1 year) LVEF, % | 26.1 ± 8.2 | 24.9 ± 9.3 | 27.2 ± 7.3 |
| History of coronary artery disease, * N (%) | 14 (52) | 6 (50) | 8 (53) |
| Hypertension, N (%) | 20 (74) | 9 (75) | 11 (73.4) |
| Diabetes mellitus, N (%) | 11 (41) | 6 (50) | 5 (33) |
| Atrial fibrillation, N (%) | 9 (33) | 4 (33) | 5 (33) |
| Chronic kidney disease (stage 1–3), N (%) | 3 (11) | 2 (17) | 1 (7) |
| Active smoker, N (%) | 5 (19) | 2 (17) | 3 (20) |
| Dyslipidemia, N (%) | 16 (59) | 7 (58) | 9 (60) |
| Sleep Apnea, N (%) | 4 (15) | 3 (25) | 1 (7) |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 32.5 ± 6.5 | 30.9 ± 6.2 | 33.8 ± 6.5 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 118 ± 14 | 114 ± 13 | 121 ± 16 |
| Heart rate, beats/min | 75 ± 12 | 67 ± 11 | 81 ± 9 |
| Glucose, mg/dL | 139 ± 52 | 142 ± 60 | 137 ± 47 |
| Sodium, mmol/L | 139 ± 3.7 | 138 ± 4.6 | 139 ± 2.8 |
| Potassium, mmol/L | 4.5 ± 0.5 | 4.7 ± 0.6 | 4.4 ± 0.4 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 1.1 (0.9 – 1.3) | 1.2 (1.1 – 1.6) | 1.0 (0.8 – 1.3) |
| Blood urea nitrogen, mg/dL | 23 (16 – 27) | 26 (10 – 29) | 22 (15 – 25) |
| NT-proBNP, pg/mL | 971 (250 – 1800) | 824 (186 – 1600) | 971 (334 – 1800) |
| 24-h urinary sodium, mmol | 202 (155 – 232) | 198 (151 – 276) | 202 (180 – 224) |
| Therapy, N (%) | |||
| ACEi or ARB | 17 (63) | 8 (67) | 9 (60) |
| Sacubitril valsartan | 7 (26) | 2 (17) | 5 (33) |
| Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist | 21 (78) | 10 (83) | 11 (73) |
| Beta blocker | 27 (100) | 12 (100) | 15 (100) |
| Loop diuretic | 24 (89) | 11 (92) | 13 (87) |
| Aspirin | 18 (67) | 10 (83) | 8 (53) |
| ADP inhibitors | 5 (19) | 1 (8) | 4 (27) |
| Warfarin | 3 (11) | 3 (25) | 0 (0) |
| Newer anticoagulants | 7 (26) | 1 (8) | 6 (40) |
| Implantable cardioverter defibrillator | 10 (37) | 7 (58) † | 3 (20) |
*
Defined as history of myocardial infarction or percutaneous or surgical revascularization.
†
One patient had a combined defibrillator-resynchronization device. Values for continuous variables represent mean ± standard deviation or median (25th – 75th percentile). ACEi: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ADP: ARB: angiotensin receptor blocker; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; NT-proBNP: N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide