Table 2.
Clinical features in children with documented SARS-CoV-2 infection
| Author | N | Clinical features | Common symptoms | Extrarespiratory Symptoms | Contact | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Asymptomatic | Mild | Moderate | Severe | Critical | Fever | Cough | Sore throat | Runny nose | Dyspneic | Diarrhea | Vomiting | Fatigue | Family | Unknown | ||
| Lu [10] | 171 | 27 (16%) | 33 (19%) | 111 (65%) | 0 | 0 | 71 (41%) | 89 (52%) | 79 (46%) | 0 | 4 (2%) | 15 (9%) | 11 (6%) | 13 (8%) | 154 (90%)a | 15 (9%) |
| Wang [33] | 34 | 3 (9%) | 9 (26%) | 22 (65%) | 0 | 0 | 17 (50%) | 13 (38%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 28 (82%) | 6 (18%) |
| Xia [34] | 20 | 2 (10%) | 6 (30%) | 12 (60%) | 0 | 0 | 12 (60%) | 13 (65%) | 1 (5%) | 0 | 2 (10%) | 3 (15%) | 1 (5%) | 1 (5%) | 13 (65%) | 7 (35%) |
| Dong [16] | 731 | 94 (4%) | 1091 (51%) | 831 (39%) | 112 (5%) | 13 (0.6%) | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Liu [39] | 4 | 1 (25%) | 3 (75%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 (75%) | 3 (75%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (25%) | NR | NR |
| Li [57] | 2 | 0 | 2 (100%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 (100%) | 0 | 2 (100%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 (100%) | 0 |
| Ji [41] | 2 | 0 | 2 (100%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (50%) | 0 | 1 (50%) | 0 | 0 | 1 (50%) | 0 | 0 | 2 (100%) | 0 |
| Liu [11] | 6 | 0 | 2 (33%) | 4 (67%) | 0 | 0 | 6 (100%) | 6 (100%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 (47%) | 0 | NR | NR |
| Zhou [42] | 9 | 5 (56%) | 4 (44%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 (44%) | 2 (22%) | 0 | 1 (11%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 (100%) | 0 |
| Li [40] | 5 | 4 (80%) | 1 (20%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (20%) | 0 | 1 (20%) | 1 (20%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 (80%) | 1 (20%) |
| D’Antiga [30] | 3 | 3 (100%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NR | NR |
| Sun [31] | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 (62%) | 3 (38%) | 6 (75%) | 6 (75%) | 0 | 0 | 8 (100%) | 3 (38%) | 4 (50%) | 1 (12%)b | 5 (62%) | 2 (25%)c |
| Zheng [32] | 25 | 0 | 8 (32%) | 15 (60%) | 0 | 2 (8%) | 13 (52%) | 11 (44%) | 0 | 2 (8%) | 2 (8%) | 3 (12%) | 2 (8%) | 0d | 21 (84%) | 4 (16%) |
| Park [43] | 1 | 0 | 1 (100%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (100%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (100%) | 0 |
| Liu** [44] | 1 | 1 (100%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (100%) | 0 |
| Chan** [45] | 1 | 1 (100%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (100%) | 0 |
| Cai** [46] | 1 | 0 | 1 (100%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Chen** [47] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (100%) | 0 | 1 (100%) | 1 (100%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0e | NR | NR |
| Cai** [38] | 10 | 0 | 6 (60%) | 4 (40%) | 0 | 0 | 8 (80%) | 6 (60%) | 4 (40%) | 5 (50%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 (60%) | 4 (40%) |
| Kam** [48] | 1 | 1 (100%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (100%) | 0 |
| Feng** [35] | 15 | 10 (67%) | 5 (33%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 (33%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NR | NR |
| Wang** [36] | 31 | 4 (13%) | 13 (42%) | 14 (45%) | 0 | 0 | 20 (64%) | 14 (45%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 (10%) | 0 | 3 (10%) | 28 (90%) | 3 (10%) |
| Zhang** [49] | 2 | 0 | 2 (100%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 (100%) | 2 (100%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 (100%) | 0 |
| Zhao** [50] | 1 | 0 | 1 (100%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Wei [51] | 9 | 1 (11%) | 6 (67%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 (44%) | 2 (22%) | 0 | 2 (22%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 (100%) | 0 |
| Shen [52] | 28 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 28 (100%) | 0 |
| Lou [53] | 3 | 0 | 3 (100%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 (100%) | 1 (33%) | 0 | 2 (67%) | 0 | 2 (67%) | 0 | 2 (67%) | 3 (100%) | 0 |
| Qian [54] | 1 | 1 (100%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (100%) | 0 |
| Su [55] | 9 | 6 (67%) | 3 (33%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 (22%) | 1 (11%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 (100%) | 0 |
| Xu [37] | 10 | 1 (10%) | 9 (90%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 (70%) | 5 (0%) | 4 (40%) | 2 (20%) | 0 | 3 (30%) | 0 | 0 | 7 (70%) | 3 (30%) |
| Tang [56] | 1 | 1 (100%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (100%) | 0 |
| Pan [58] | 1 | 1 (100%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (100%) | 0 |
| Chen [62] | 31 | 12 (39%) | 19 (61%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 14 (45%) | 13 (42%) | 2 (6%) | 3 (10%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 (6%) | 29 (94%) | 2 (6%) |
| Xing [59] | 3 | 0 | 3 (100%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 (100%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NR | NR |
| Qiu [60] | 36 | 10 (28%) | 7 (19%) | 19 (53%) | 0 | 0 | 13 (36%) | 7 (19%) | 2 (5%) | 1 (3%) | 1 (3%) | 2 (5%) | 2 (5%) | 0 | 32 (89%) | 2 (5%) |
| Zhang [61] | 34 | 0 | 34 (100%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 26 (76%) | 20 (83%) | 0 | 7 (21%) | 3 (9%) | 4 (12%) | 4 (12%) | 0 | 13 (38%) | 0 |
| Shen [71] | 9 | 2 (22%) | 7 (78%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 (33%) | 1 (11%) | 1 (11%) | 0 | 0 | 2 (22%) | 0 | 0 | 9 (100%) | 0 |
| Han [72] | 7 | 0 | 4 (57%) | 3 (43%) | 0 | 0 | 5 (71%) | 5 (71%) | 1 (14%) | 0 | 3 (43%) | 4 (57%) | 0 | 0 | 7 (100%) | 0 |
| Le [69] | 1 | 0 | 1 (100%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NR | 0 | 1 (100%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (100%) | 0 |
| Cui [64] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 (100%) | 0 | 1 (100%) | 1 (100%) | NR | 0 | 0 | 1 (100%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (100%) | 0 |
| Zhang** [67] | 1 | 0 | 1 (100%) | 0 | 0 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Li [75] | 40 | 0 | 0 | 39 (97%) | 1 (3%) | 0 | 21 (52%) | 25 (62%) | 2 (5%) | 2 (5%) | 1 (3%) | 2 (5%) | NR | 4 (10%) | NR | NR |
| CDC [76] | 291 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 163 (56%) | 158 (54%) | 71 (24%) | 21 (7%) | 39 (13%) | 37 (13%) | 31 (11%) | 66 (23%) | 168 (58%) | 16 (5%) |
| Parri [77] | 100 | 21 (21%) | 58 (58%) | 19 (19%) | 1 (1%) | 1 (1%) | 54 (54%) | 44 (44%) | 4 (4%) | 22 (22%) | 11 (11%) | 9 (9%) | 10 (10%) | 9 (9%) | 45 (45%) | 48 (48%) |
| Tagarro [78] | 41 | 0 | 33 (80%) | 4 (10%) | 4 (10%) | 0 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 16 (39%) | 25 (61%) |
| See [79] | 4 | 1 (25%) | 3 (75%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 (50%) | 2 (50%) | 0 | 1 (25%) | 0 | 1 (25%) | 0 | 0 | 2 (50%) | 1 (25%) |
| Tan [80] | 10 | 2 (20%) | 7 (70%) | 1 (10%) | 0 | 0 | 4 (40%) | 3 (30%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (10%) | 0 | 9 (90%) | 1 (1%) |
| Du [81] | 14 | 8 (57%) | 6 (43%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 (36%) | 3 (21%) | 1 (7%) | NR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (7%) | 14 (5%) | 0 |
| Zhu [84] | 10 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 4 (40%) | 3 (30%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 (70%) | 0 |
| Total | 1780 | 223 | 618 | 568 | 30 | 10 | 503 | 461 | 174 | 75 | 75 | 94 | 70 | 103 | 690 | 127 |
| % | 15.1 a | 41.9 a | 38.5 a | 2 a | 0.7 a | 51.6b | 47.3b | 17.9b | 7.7b | 7.7b | 9.7b | 7.2b | 10.6b | 73.3c | 13.5 c | |
SARS-CoV-2 severe acute respiratory syndrome–Coronavirus-2, NR not reported
aCalculated on the total of reported symptoms (N = 1475); bcalculated on the total of reported symptoms (N = 1016); ccalculated on the total of reported symptoms (N = 941)
**Studies included in the review by Henry et al. [67]