(A) ATP content in αTC1-6 stimulated with 1 or 16.7 mM glucose and INS-1 832/13 cells stimulated with 2.8 or 16.7 mM glucose. (B) Lactate release from αTC1-6 stimulated with 1 or 16.7 mM glucose and INS-1 832/13 cells stimulated with 2.8 or 16.7 mM glucose. (C) Glucagon secretion from the αTC1-6 cells and insulin secretion from INS-1 832/13 cells stimulated with 16.7 mM glucose or 10 mM pyruvate. Data are expressed as means normalized to levels at 1 mM (αTC1-6, A) and 2.8 mM (INS-1 832/13, A) glucose ± SEM for n=6 (αTC1-6, A), n=10 (INS-1 832/13, A), n=3 (αTC1-6, B), n=4 (INS-1 832/13, B), n=6 (10 mM pyruvate, INS-1 832/13, C), n=3 (16.7 mM glucose, INS-1 832/13, C), and n=4 (αTC1-6, C). Statistical significance was assessed using the paired Student´s t-test, *p<0.05. ND; below detection limit.