Expression levels of genes in the malate-aspartate and glycerolphosphate shuttles in αTC1-6, INS-1 832/13, and primary α- and ß-cells. Data are expressed as means normalized to Hprt1 ± SEM for n=3. Statistical significance was assessed by the Student's t-test, *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001. Agc1, mitochondrial aspartate/glutamate carrier Aralar1 (Slc25a12); Got1, cytosolic aspartate amino transferase; Gpd2, mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; Gpd1, cytosolic glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.