Table 3. Characteristics based on outpatient clinic-based ECV outcome within 3 months.
| Overall (n=1,523) | Remain in NSR (n=678) | Recur as PAF (n=164) | Recur as sustaining AF (n=681) | p value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 61.2±11.1 | 61.9±11.4 | 62.0±11.6 | 60.4±10.7 | 0.037 | |
| Male | 1,133 (74.4) | 503 (74.2) | 114 (69.5) | 516 (75.8) | 0.254 | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.5±11.1 | 25.3±7.6 | 25.7±6.7 | 25.6±14.3 | 0.870 | |
| AF duration (months) | 43.6±58.6 | 15.0±18.4 | 30.5±41.1 | 50.7±65.1 | 0.003 | |
| Post-AFCA | 143 (9.4) | 79 (55.2) | 16 (11.2)) | 48 (33.6) | 0.014 | |
| CHA2DS2-VASc | 1.9±1.6 | 2.0±1.6 | 2.0±1.5 | 1.9±1.6 | 0.552 | |
| Heart failure | 197 (12.9) | 92 (13.6) | 26 (15.9) | 79 (11.6) | 0.278 | |
| Hypertension | 801 (52.6) | 366 (54.0) | 84 (51.2) | 351 (51.5) | 0.622 | |
| Age >75 years | 163 (10.7) | 82 (12.1) | 19 (11.6) | 62 (9.1) | 0.189 | |
| Age 65–74 | 634 (41.6) | 300 (44.2) | 78 (47.6) | 256 (37.6) | 0.012 | |
| Diabetes | 259 (17.0) | 112 (16.5) | 34 (20.7) | 113 (16.6) | 0.405 | |
| Stroke/TIA | 182 (12.0) | 75 (11.1) | 14 (8.5) | 93 (13.7) | 0.122 | |
| Vascular disease | 74 (4.9) | 38 (5.6) | 5 (3.0) | 31 (4.6) | 0.347 | |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 75.9±15.9 | 75.6±16.0 | 74.8±16.7 | 76.6±15.7 | 0.321 | |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 14.8±2.7 | 14.8±3.5 | 14.5±2.0 | 14.8±1.7 | 0.086 | |
| Echocardiogram data | ||||||
| LA dimension (mm) | 45.6±6.5 | 45.3±6.5 | 46.7±7.4 | 45.5±6.2 | 0.067 | |
| Ejection fraction (%) | 60.1±10.1 | 60.3±10.2 | 57.8±11.5 | 60.5±9.7 | 0.023 | |
| E/Em | 11.5±5.4 | 11.8±5.7 | 12.6±6.5 | 11.0±4.6 | 0.003 | |
| Successful ECV energy (J) | 123.9±43.9 | 118.0±42.6 | 118.9±45.0 | 131.1±43.8 | <0.001 | |
| Antiarrhythmic drugs | 1,472 (96.7) | 651 (96.0) | 162 (98.8) | 659 (96.8) | 0.205 | |
| Amiodarone | 679 (46.1) | 346 (53.1) | 75 (46.3) | 258 (39.2) | <0.001 | |
| Dronedarone | 117 (7.9) | 45 (6.9) | 8 (4.9) | 64 (9.7) | 0.056 | |
| Sotalol | 64 (4.3) | 24 (3.7) | 6 (3.7) | 34 (5.2) | 0.389 | |
| Flecainide | 492 (33.4) | 193 (29.6) | 65 (40.1) | 234 (35.5) | 0.013 | |
| Propafenone | 84 (5.7) | 37 (5.7) | 5 (3.1) | 42 (6.4) | 0.271 | |
| Pilsicainide | 36 (2.4) | 6 (0.9) | 3 (1.9) | 27 (4.1) | 0.001 | |
| ACEi/ARB | 275 (18.1) | 153 (22.6) | 27 (16.5) | 95 (14.0) | <0.001 | |
| b-blocker | 432 (28.4) | 208 (30.7) | 46 (28.0) | 178 (26.1) | 0.178 | |
| Statin | 276 (18.1) | 145 (21.4) | 22 (13.4) | 109 (16.0) | 0.009 | |
Values are presented as number (%) or mean±standard deviation.
ACEi = angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; AF = atrial fibrillation; AFCA = atrial fibrillation catheter ablation; ARB = angiotensin receptor blocker; BMI = body mass index; E = early diastolic mitral inflow velocity; ECV = electrical cardioversion; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate by Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation; Em = early diastolic mitral annular velocity; LA = left atrial; NSR = normal sinus rhythm; PAF = persistent atrial fibrillation; TIA = transient ischemic attack.