Table 5. Patient characteristics for long-term AF recurrence after 3 months of ECV.
| Overall (n=678) | No AF recurrence (n=355) | AF recurrence (n=323) | p value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 61.9±11.4 | 62.3±11.4 | 61.4±11.4 | 0.327 | |
| Male | 503 (74.2) | 273 (76.9) | 230 (71.2) | 0.091 | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.4±7.6 | 25.1±3.0 | 25.7±10.6 | 0.294 | |
| AF duration (months) | 28.8±35.6 | 15.0±18.4 | 29.1±35.9 | 0.582 | |
| L-PeAF | 599 (88.3) | 318 (53.1) | 281 (46.9) | 0.296 | |
| Post-AFCA | 79 (11.7) | 37 (46.8) | 42 (53.2) | 0.296 | |
| CHA2DS2-VASc | 2.0±1.6 | 2.1±1.7 | 1.9±1.5 | 0.068 | |
| Heart failure | 92 (13.6) | 67 (18.9) | 25 (7.7) | <0.001 | |
| Hypertension | 366 (54.0) | 197 (55.5) | 169 (52.3) | 0.408 | |
| Age >75 years | 82 (12.1) | 47 (13.2) | 35 (10.8) | 0.338 | |
| Age 65–74 years | 300 (44.2) | 173 (48.7) | 127 (39.3) | 0.014 | |
| Diabetes | 112 (16.5) | 58 (16.3) | 54 (16.7) | 0.894 | |
| Stroke | 75 (11.1) | 40 (11.3) | 35 (10.8) | 0.858 | |
| Vascular disease | 38 (5.6) | 23 (6.5) | 15 (4.6) | 0.300 | |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 75.6±16.0 | 75.2±16.1 | 76.1±15.9 | 0.465 | |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 14.8±3.5 | 14.7±2.0 | 14.9±4.6 | 0.438 | |
| Echocardiogram data | |||||
| LA dimension (mm) | 45.3±6.5 | 45.3±6.5 | 45.4±6.5 | 0.934 | |
| Ejection fraction (%) | 60.3±10.2 | 59.1±11.0 | 61.7±9.1 | 0.002 | |
| E/Em | 11.8±5.7 | 11.9±5.9 | 11.8±5.5 | 0.760 | |
| Successful ECV energy (J) | 118.0±42.6 | 116.6±41.9 | 119.6±43.3 | 0.361 | |
| Antiarrhythmic drugs | 651 (96.0) | 336 (94.6) | 315 (97.5) | 0.056 | |
| Amiodarone | 346 (51.0) | 178 (50.1) | 168 (52.0) | 0.927 | |
| Dronedarone | 45 (6.6) | 29 (8.2) | 16 (5.0) | 0.074 | |
| Sotalol | 24 (3.5) | 9 (2.5) | 15 (4.6) | 0.159 | |
| Flecainide | 193 (28.5) | 93 (26.2) | 100 (31.0) | 0.256 | |
| Propafenone | 37 (5.5) | 24 (6.8) | 13 (4.0) | 0.097 | |
| Pilsicainide | 6 (0.9) | 3 (0.8) | 3 (0.9) | 0.937 | |
| ACEi/ARB | 153 (22.6) | 87 (24.5) | 66 (20.4) | 0.205 | |
| b-blocker | 208 (30.7) | 127 (35.8) | 81 (25.1) | 0.003 | |
| Statin | 145 (21.4) | 80 (22.5) | 65 (20.1) | 0.444 | |
Values are presented as number (%) or mean±standard deviation.
ACEi = angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; AF = atrial fibrillation; AFCA = atrial fibrillation catheter ablation; ARB = angiotensin receptor blocker; BMI = body mass index; L-PeAF = long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation; E = early diastolic mitral inflow velocity; ECV = elective external cardioversion; eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate by Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation; Em = early diastolic mitral annular velocity; LA = left atrial.