Table 5. Univariate and multivariate predictors of composite outcomes (all-cause mortality, MI or stroke) after coronary stenting in MI.
| Risk factors | Univariate | Multivariate | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR | 95% CI | p | HR | 95% CI | p | ||
| Age | 1.057 | 1.055–1.059 | <0.0001 | 1.045 | 1.042–1.047 | <0.0001 | |
| Male | 0.580 | 0.549–0.612 | <0.0001 | 1.168 | 1.099–1.241 | <0.0001 | |
| Study enrollment | |||||||
| 2005–2008 | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - | |
| 2009–2011 | 0.845 | 0.794–0.901 | <0.0001 | 1.155 | 1.063–1.254 | 0.0006 | |
| 2012–2014 | 0.746 | 0.700–0.794 | <0.0001 | 1.050 | 0.955–1.153 | 0.3122 | |
| Underlying medical condition | |||||||
| Hypertension | 1.987 | 1.881–2.099 | <0.0001 | 1.167 | 1.095–1.245 | <0.0001 | |
| DM | 1.867 | 1.770–1.969 | <0.0001 | 1.215 | 1.131–1.304 | <0.0001 | |
| Dyslipidemia | 1.239 | 1.171–1.311 | <0.0001 | 0.895 | 0.840–0.952 | 0.0005 | |
| Previous stroke, all type | 2.956 | 2.767–3.158 | <0.0001 | 1.498 | 1.388–1.616 | <0.0001 | |
| Previous MI | 2.239 | 2.027–2.473 | <0.0001 | 1.246 | 1.124–1.380 | <0.0001 | |
| CHF | 2.761 | 2.542–2.999 | <0.0001 | 1.327 | 1.212–1.453 | <0.0001 | |
| History of malignancy | 2.190 | 1.952–2.457 | <0.0001 | 1.293 | 1.133–1.476 | 0.0001 | |
| Charlson comorbidity score | 1.214 | 1.202–1.227 | <0.0001 | 1.038 | 0.994–1.083 | 0.0905 | |
| ≤1 | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - | |
| 2–3 | 1.663 | 1.557–1.776 | <0.0001 | 1.065 | 0.957–1.185 | 0.2465 | |
| 4–5 | 2.435 | 2.259–2.625 | <0.0001 | 1.115 | 0.935–1.330 | 0.2252 | |
| ≥6 | 3.565 | 3.260–3.899 | <0.0001 | 1.191 | 0.894–1.589 | 0.2327 | |
| Type of stent | |||||||
| BMS | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - | |
| 1st generation DES | 0.853 | 0.760–0.956 | 0.0063 | 0.824 | 0.731–0.928 | 0.0014 | |
| 2nd generation DES | 0.624 | 0.558–0.697 | <0.0001 | 0.634 | 0.563–0.715 | <0.0001 | |
| Number of stents | |||||||
| 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - | |
| 2 | 1.047 | 0.964–1.138 | 0.2731 | 0.913 | 0.840–0.992 | 0.0323 | |
| ≥3 | 1.187 | 1.072–1.314 | 0.0010 | 0.925 | 0.828–1.034 | 0.1698 | |
| Followed medication | |||||||
| Dual antiplatelet agent | 3.949 | 3.622–4.306 | <0.0001 | 3.657 | 3.352–3.99 | <0.0001 | |
| Aspirin users | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - | |
| Clopidogrel users | 1.284 | 1.118–1.474 | 0.0004 | 1.155 | 1.005–1.327 | 0.0418 | |
| No antiplatelet agents | 6.430 | 5.715–7.233 | <0.0001 | 2.847 | 2.513–3.224 | <0.0001 | |
| RAAS blocker | 0.561 | 0.532–0.591 | <0.0001 | 0.733 | 0.692–0.777 | <0.0001 | |
| CCB | 0.789 | 0.708–0.879 | <0.0001 | 0.693 | 0.621–0.774 | <0.0001 | |
| Statin | 0.360 | 0.341–0.379 | <0.0001 | 0.502 | 0.473–0.534 | <0.0001 | |
| High intensity statin | 0.799 | 0.745–0.857 | <0.0001 | 1.187 | 1.102–1.278 | <0.0001 | |
| Thiazide | 0.907 | 0.795–1.035 | 0.1458 | 0.826 | 0.722–0.944 | 0.0051 | |
| Loop diuretics | 2.294 | 2.146–2.452 | <0.0001 | 1.349 | 1.250–1.457 | <0.0001 | |
| Spironolactone | 1.948 | 1.778–2.135 | <0.0001 | 1.278 | 1.154–1.416 | <0.0001 | |
| Vasodilators | 1.076 | 1.018–1.138 | 0.0096 | 1.009 | 0.953–1.069 | 0.7480 | |
| Regular user | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - | |
| Irregular user | 1.983 | 1.867–2.105 | <0.0001 | 1.316 | 1.230–1.407 | <0.0001 | |
| No user | 1.853 | 1.726–1.990 | <0.0001 | 1.380 | 1.282–1.485 | <0.0001 | |
BMS = bare metal stent; CI = confidence interval; CCB = calcium channel blocker; CHF = congestive heart failure; DES = drug-eluting stent; DM = diabetes mellitus; ESRD = end-stage renal disease; HR = hazard ratio; MI = myocardial infarction; RAAS = Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system; SD = standard deviation.