Table 3.

Associations of same day (lag 0) district-level PM_2.5 and ER visits for respiratory and circulatory diseases. Effect estimates presented as rate ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) per interquartile range (IQR) increase in PM_2.5.^*

Disease	Age Group	n	RR	LCL	UCL	p-value
Respiratory	all	595,174	1.04	1.03	1.05	<0.0001
	<18	261,750	1.03	1.02	1.04	<0.0001
	18–64	109,666	1.09	1.06	1.11	<0.0001
	65+	35,620	1.02	0.98	1.06	0.3440
Infectious Respiratory	All	376,333	1.05	1.04	1.06	<0.0001
	<18	304,075	1.04	1.03	1.05	<0.0001
	18–64	57,055	1.10	1.07	1.13	<0.0001
	65+	15,203	1.03	0.98	1.09	0.1832
Non-infectious respiratory	All	218,841	1.03	1.02	1.05	<0.0001
	<18	146,413	1.03	1.01	1.04	0.002
	18–64	52,011	1.08	1.05	1.11	<0.0001
	65+	20,417	1.01	0.96	1.06	0.591
Stroke	All	10,239	1.10	1.03	1.17	0.0034
	<18	195	Did not converge
	18–64	4,262	1.11	1.01	1.02	0.03
	65+	5,872	1.10	1.01	1.20	0.02
Ischemic heart disease	all	5,134	1.02	0.96	1.15	0.27
	<18	83	Did not converge
	18–64	3,059	1.11	0.99	1.25	0.07
	65+	1,992	0.96	0.82	1.12	0.59

^*IQR for district level PM2.5 was 6.1 μg/m³. Respiratory diseases (RD) J00 – J45, infectious respiratory disease (codes J00–J06, J09 – J22), non-infectious respiratory disease (codes J30–J45). Ischemic heart disease (I20 – I25), and stroke (G45, I63 – I67). Models adjusted for district, temperature, relative humidity (RH), day of week (DOW) and hospitals.