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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Behav Med. 2019 Dec 21;43(3):346–364. doi: 10.1007/s10865-019-00122-4

Table 2.

Rates (Weighted) of Depression by Race/Ethnicity and Preventive Care Use

Not Depressed Depressed Depression Level
CESD ≥ 16 CESD ≥ 23
n % n % n % n %
Race/Ethnicity
 Latina 299 72.6% 113 27.4% 90 21.8% 23 5.6%
 White 502 83.7% 98 16.3% 92 15.3% 6 1.0%
 Black/African-American 407 71.2% 165 28.8% 132 23.1% 33 3.9%
Total 1208 76.3% 376 23.7% 314 19.8% 62 39%
Sex-Specific Preventive Care
 Adherent 723 79.5% 187 20.5% 160 17.6% 27 3.0%
 Not adherent 525 72.6% 198 27.4% 164 22.7% 34 4.7%
General Preventive Care
 Adherent 729 76.9% 219 23.1% 187 19.7% 32 3.4%
 Not adherent 519 75.7% 167 24.3% 137 20.0% 30 4.3%

Note. Because this study did not use the full version of the CES-D, scores from the 11-item CES-D were transformed to standardize scores to correspond to the original 20-item CES-D. This transformation allowed for the use of the typical cut-off score (≥ 16; (Pennix et al., 1998). Thus, for the current study, scores were transformed and a cutoff score of ≥ 16 was used to identify those with probable depression and ≥ 23 indicated severe depression. Previous research has demonstrated that these scores are appropriate for diverse populations (J. A. Cook et al., 2004). Depression level percentages represent those within the racial/ethnic or preventive care category with a CESD score indicating probable depression or severe depression.