Table 1.

Antibacterial Properties of TiO₂ Nanostructures in Biomedical Applications

Application	Component	Additional Properties	Antibacterial Activity	Condition	Ref
Dentistry Implants	TiO2 NTs+ Zn	Cytocompatible	S. mutans, Porphyromonas gingivalis	–	58
	Heat(NH400NTs (NH400)	Osteoblast viability	Porphyromonas gingivalis	–	63
	Glass ionomer cement (GIC) + TiO2 NPs	Long-lasting restoration	S. mutans	Direct contact with GIC + TiO2 NPs	58
	TiO2+ PMMA/PEEK nanocomposite	Cytocompatible	E. coli, S. aureus	Under dark condition	60
	Ag-doped TiO2 NTs(TNT)	–	S. aureus	-	70
Orthopedic Implants	TNTs decorated with TiO2 NPs	Stem cell osteogenic	S. mutans, Porphyromonas gingivalis,	Direct contact	58
	Ti-160	Osteoblast proliferation	S. aureus,P. aeruginosa Amp-resistant E. coli	Direct contact (16 hours at 37°C) on to the material surface	74
	TiO2 +micro-arc oxidation (TM) composites coated on Mg alloy	in vivo degradation behavior and cytocompatible	E.coli	Direct contact	71
Medical and Hospital Devices	PLA-TiO2 nanocomposite films	Water absorption properties	K. pneumoniae, S. aureus	Direct contact	55
	Sulfur-doped TiO2	–	E.coli	Hospital lighting conditions.	79
	TiO2-coated silicon catheters	–	E. coli K-12	Exposure of UV light	78
	TiO2-coated catheters	–	E. coli	Exposure of UV light	76