Table 4.
Multiple regression analysis with change in ODI at 1 year as the dependent variable
| Parameter estimate | 95% CI | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ELDH | − 0.55 | − 5.8–4.7 | 0.839 |
| Smoker | 4.9 | 2.3–7.6 | < 0.001 |
| ODI score 21–40 preoperative | − 10.4 | − 15.3 to − 5.5 | < 0.001 |
| ODI score 41–60 preoperative | − 29.4 | − 34.4 to − 24.4 | < 0.001 |
| ODI score 61–80 preoperative | − 48.2 | − 53.5 to − 43.0 | < 0.001 |
| ODI score ≥ 81 preoperative | − 67.1 | − 73.2 to − 61.1 | < 0.001 |
| Age > 65 | 4.1 | 1.0–7.2 | 0.009 |
| Depression and/or anxiety | 6.6 | − 1.3–14.6 | 0.103 |
| ASA grade > 2 | 1.9 | − 1.8–5.6 | 0.324 |
| Female sex | 2.5 | 0.3–4.8 | 0.029 |
| Obesity (BMI > 30 kg/m2) | 3.5 | 0.7–6.3 | 0.014 |
A negative value in the outcome corresponds to less low back pain related disability. ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; ELDH, extraforaminal lumbar disc herniation; ODI, Oswestry Disability Index