Table 5.

The causes of death until the end of 2017 of the 1133 patients with chronic subdural hematomas between 1990 and 2015 in Pirkanmaa, Finland. The causes of death in the matched reference group between 1990 and 2015 are presented for comparison

	Total sample n = 1133		Men n = 736		Women n = 397		Operative treatment n = 965		Non-operative treatment n = 168		Causes of death in the matched reference group n = 4532
	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%
Age, years (median, IQR)	76	67–83	75	65–81	79	70–85	76	66–82	79	68–86	76	67–83
Follow-up time, years
Median	4.8		5.1		4.6		5.2		3.3		6.4
Range	0–27		0–26		0–27		0–27		0–21		0–28
No. of deaths	710	62.7	449	61.0	261	65.7	609	62.3	101	60.1	1918	42.3
Age at death, median, IQR	84	76–89	83	74–88	86	80–91	84	76–89	85	79–90	84	78–88
Ischemic cardiac disease	143	20.1	103	22.9	40	15.3	122	20.0	21	20.8	473	24.7
Cerebrovascular disease	90	12.7	54	12.0	36	13.8	80	13.1	10	9.9	216	11.3
Cerebral hemorrhage	18	2.5	13	2.9	5	1.9	13	2.1	5	5.0	23	1.2
Cerebral ischemia	72	10.1	41	9.1	31	11.9	67	11.0	5	5.0	167	8.7
Cancer	91	12.8	64	14.3	27	10.3	80	13.1	11	10.9	370	19.3
Dementia and Alzheimer’s disease	146	20.6	70	15.6	76	29.1	121	19.9	25	24.8	278	14.5
Pulmonary disease	34	4.8	24	5.3	10	3.8	29	4.8	5	5.0	119	6.2
Pneumonia	16	2.3	9	2.0	7	2.7	15	2.5	1	1.0	45	2.3
Trauma	75	10.6	50	11.1	25	9.6	65	10.7	10	9.9	58	3.0
Accidental falls	41	5.8	25	5.6	16	6.1	36	5.9	5	5.0	33	1.7
Subdural hematoma, traumatic	38	5.4	25	5.6	13	5.0	33	5.4	5	5.0	9	0.5
Subdural hematoma, non-traumatic	4	0.6	4	0.9	0		3	0.5	1	1.0	1	0.05
Unknown	0		0		0		0		0		20	1.0