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. 2020 May 18;10:8178. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-65180-0

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Increased astrocyte activation in IL-1β-stimulated two-week old offspring is reduced by maternal LB supplementation. Representative images of fluorescence microscopy of claudin-5⁺ (location of the brain capillaries, red), GFAP⁺ astrocyte (green), and DAPI (nuclei, blue). Three to five sections per mouse were examined and at least three mice were examined in each group. Stronger than control SPF GFAP staining was observed around the blood vessel (see arrow) after IL-1β insult. Maternal supplemented group (LB) with or without postnatal insult had GFAP levels similar to the control group indicating that LB supplementation prevented astrocyte activation around the BBB endothelium.