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. 2020 May 18;10:8178. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-65180-0

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Increased microglia activation in IL-1β-stimulated two-week old offspring is reduced by maternal LB supplementation. Representative images of fluorescence microscopy of claudin-5⁺ (location of the brain capillaries, red), CD11b/c⁺ microglia (green), and DAPI (nuclei, blue). Three to four sections per mouse were examined and at least four mice were examined in each group. The CD11b/c⁺ staining of the maternally probiotic supplemental group remained similar to the un-supplemented group in term of both pattern (scattered) and intensity (see Fig. 5). However, IL-1β stimulated the recruitment of microglia to the BBB, demonstrated by increased CD11b/c⁺ staining around the BBB endothelium (see arrow). Maternal LB supplementation reduced the IL-1β-induced microglia translocation to the vicinity of BBB.