Table 2.
The physicochemical properties of SPIONs in inducing cellular membrane protein and paracrine factors
| References | Size of SPIONs (diameter) | Zeta-potential | Surface material | Type of core | Exposure concentration | Reported uptake ([Fe]) | Viability | Induced factors |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [62] | 48 nm (non-coating), 62 nm (coating) | N/A | Polydopamine (PDA) | Iron Oxide nanoparticle (Fe3O4) | 50 µg/mL | 40 pg/cell | 100% | CXCR4, CCR1, c-Met, TGF-β, IL-10 |
| [26] | 5.22 ± 0.9 nm | + 15.2 mV | Oleic acid | SPIONs (Fe3O4) | 15 µg[Fe]/mL | N/A | 95% | CXCR4 |
| [41] | 22 nm | N/A | Polyethylene glycol (PEG) | Magnetite (Fe3O4) | 40 µg/mL | 8.5 pg/cell | 100% | Cx43(H9C2), VEGF, bFGF, HGF, PAI-1, PEDF |
| [64] | 12 nm | N/A | Polyethylene glycol (PEG) | SPIONs | 40 µg/mL | N/A | 100% | Ang-1, FGF2, HGF, VEGF, TGF-β1, BNDF |
| [39] | 212.3 ± 5.7 nm | N/A | Hyaluronic acid (HA) | HA-Zn0.4Fe2.6O4 nanocluster | 6.03 µg/mL (108 µM) | N/A | 100% | CXCR4 |
| [40] | 15 nm | N/A | Poly-l-lysine (PLL) | Zn0.4Fe2.6O4 nanoparticle | 50 µg[metal]/mL | 4.6 pg/cell [metal] | N/A | Zinc-mediated Wnt signaling factors (WNT1, WNT3a), β-catenin, TuJ1, MAP2 A/B |
| [65] | 120–150 nm | − 5.5 mV | Dextran | Iron Oxide nanoparticle | 300 µg/mL | N/A | N/A | IL-15R, EGFR, CXCR4 |