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. 2020 May 12;10:589. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00589

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Copyright © 2020 Liu, Zhou, Wang, Zhu, Deng, Li, Zhou, Chen, Li, Xie, Zeng, Wang and Fu.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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MiR-221 antagonized the downregulation of high-mobility group AT-hook 1 (HMGA1)-mediated autophagy and the proposed model of the role of HMGA1 in autophagy and bladder cancer (BC) migration and invasion. (A) Immunoblotting analysis of p62, LC3, TP53INP1, ERK1/2, phosphorylated-ERK1/2, and HMGA1 protein expression in T24 cells transfected with siRNA targeting HMGA1 (siHMGA1) and/or miR-221 mimic for 48 h. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) was used for normalization. (B) Downregulation of HMGA1 mediates reduction of MiR-221 which increases the level of autophagy by directly targeting TP53INP1, followed by inhibition of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway, and results in the suppression of migration and invasion in BC.