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. 2020 May 12;11:893. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00893

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Copyright © 2020 Kanoi, Nagaoka, White, Morita, Palacpac, Ntege, Balikagala, Yeka, Egwang, Horii, Tsuboi and Takashima.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Primary structures of (A) RIFIN, (B) STEVOR, and (C) SURFIN families. Illustrated are conserved and variable domains, signal peptide (SP), central hydrophobic region (HR), transmembrane domains (TM), N-terminus (N), and C-terminus (C). Arrows indicate the approximate DNA priming regions for creating the truncated proteins excluding SP, HR, and TM. As indicated, 136 rif and 6 stevor genes were designed to be expressed as one truncate; and 21 rif and 24 stevor genes as two truncates each. The resultant number of recombinant proteins were: RIFINs n = 178 (from 157 unique IDs); STEVORs, n = 54 (from 29 unique IDs); and SURFINs, n = 33 (from 10 unique IDs). The region and number of truncates derived from each gene in the VSA family are detailed in Table S1.