Table 2.
Gut microbiome of the patients.
| Total | Demented | Non-Demented | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 107) | (n = 25) | (n = 82) | ||
| Gut microbiota | ||||
| Enterotype* | 0.001 | |||
| Enterotype I | 43 (40.2) | 5 (20.0) | 38 (46.3) | 0.014 |
| Enterotype II | 5 (4.7) | 0 (0) | 5 (6.1) | |
| Enterotype III | 59 (55.1) | 20 (80.0) | 39 (47.6) | |
| F/B ratio | 1.50, 0.81–2.31 | 1.66, 1.09–3.00 | 1.33, 0.72–2.17 | 0.059 |
| Metabolite * | ||||
| Ammonia, mg/g* | 0.69, 0.46–1.01 | 0.83, 0.66–1.30 | 0.65, 0.44–0.95 | 0.026 |
| Succinic acid, mg/g | 0.03, 0.03–0.41 | 0.03, 0.03–0.09 | 0.03, 0.03–0.77 | 0.581 |
| Lactic acid, mg/g | 0.03, 0.03–0.41 | 0.03, 0.03–0.07 | 0.03, 0.03–8.94 | 0.235 |
| Formic acid, mg/g* | 0.05, 0.05–0.05 | 0.05, 0.05–0.05 | 0.05, 0.05–0.05 | 0.044 |
| Acetic acid, mg/g | 3.63, 1.47–7.64 | 3.90, 1.35–7.81 | 3.61, 1.45–7.75 | 0.868 |
| Propionic acid, mg/g | 0.83, 0.03–2.01 | 0.89, 0.03–2.63 | 0.77, 0.03–1.69 | 0.417 |
| Iso-butyric acid*, mg/g | 0.11, 0.03–0.22 | 0.20, 0.08–0.26 | 0.08, 0.03–0.19 | 0.023 |
| n-butyric acid, mg/g | 0.30, 0.03–0.86 | 0.33, 0.16–1.49 | 0.26, 0.03–0.81 | 0.094 |
| Iso-valeric acid*, mg/g | 0.13, 0.03–0.34 | 0.33, 0.03–0.50 | 0.03, 0.03–0.26 | 0.008 |
| n-valeric acid, mg/g | 0.43, 0.12–2.65 | 0.36, 0.12–0.67 | 0.43, 0.12–2.78 | 0.385 |
| Phenol, μg/g* | 1.14, 0.60–2.11 | 1.97, 0.79–2.99 | 1.05, 0.47–1.94 | 0.029 |
| P-cresol, μg/g* | 4.21, 0.15–118.07 | 57.5, 2.38–160.9 | 0.29, 0.13–79.11 | 0.014 |
| 4-Ethylphenoll, μg/g | 0.36, 0.001–1.01 | 0.56, 0.001–0.92 | 0.36, 0.001–1.08 | 0.849 |
| Indolel, μg/g | 6.04, 0.24–30.43 | 13.5, 0.72–38.7 | 5.0, 0.19–26.58 | 0.063 |
| Skatolel, μg/g | 0.001, 0.001–4.14 | 0.001, 0.001–10.18 | 0.001, 0.001–3.39 | 0.861 |
Wilcoxon signed-rank and χ2 tests were used.
The asterisks indicate statistical significance (P < 0.05).
Abbreviations: F/B ratio, Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio. Enterotype I: Bacteroides > 30%; Enterotype II: Prevotella > 15%; enterotype III: others.