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. 2020 May 12;11:870. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00870

FIGURE 1.

FIGURE 1

Toxicity of AITC on F. solani growth in vitro: (A) Plate fumigation system. (B) Colony growth inhibition of different F. solani strains (F2, F4, F5, and RR4) at various atmospheric concentrations of AITC (n = 4 for each plot, ± standard deviation [SD]). (C) AITC displayed strong destructive on F. solani colony growth at 19.2 μg/mL (colony was incubated on PDA plates at 25°C for three days followed by fumigation with AITC). (D) Electrolyte leakage of F. solani F5 after exposure to 64 μg/mL AITC (n = 3 for control/treatment group, *p < 0.05, ± SD). (E) Time-lapse photography capturing F. solani hyphal tip growth at various concentrations of AITC (n = 3 for each plot, ±SD). (F) Light microscopy observation of F. solani hyphal tip growth, indicated with red arrow, after exposure to 0.6 to 1.2 μg/mL AITC for 20 min. (G) Observation of F. solani hyphal tip growth after exposure to 0.6 μg/mL AITC for 20 min obtained via scanning electron microscopy.