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. 2020 May 12;14:422. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00422

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Copyright © 2020 Van der Wal, Luyten, Cardon, Jacquemin, Vanderveken, Topsakal, Van de Heyning, De Hertogh, Van Looveren, Van Rompaey, Michiels and Gilles.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Treatment outcome in different therapy groups differs according to gender. Blue lines represent male subjects and red lines represent female subjects. Data are presented as mean TFI scores for each time point ± SD. (A) Female participants benefit more from HDtDCS treatment than men. TFI scores decreased more in female participants (−15.83 ± 24.27) than male (−2.53 ± 13.79) from baseline to follow-up. (B) Female participants benefit more from orofacial therapy than men. TFI scores decreased more in female participants (−19.02 ± 16.85) than male (−10.53 ± 19.65) from baseline to follow-up. (C) Male participants benefit more from TRT combined with CBT than women. TFI scores decreased more in male participants (−22.42 ± 23.02) than female (0.44 ± 21.26) from baseline to follow-up. (D) Male and female participants benefit equally from TRT combined with EMDR. TFI scores decreased similarly in male (−19.1 ± 15.82) and female participants (−16.46 ± 14.3) from baseline to follow-up. TFI: Tinnitus Functional Index; HDtDCS: High-Definition transcranial Direct Current Stimulation; TRT: Tinnitus Retraining Therapy; CBT: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; EMDR: Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing.