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. 2020 May 12;11:689. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00689

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Copyright © 2020 Qin, Akter, Qin, Cheng, Guo, Yao, Jian, Liu and Wu.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Adaptive immunity in ischemic stroke. Within 1 day of the ischemic event, there is infiltration of system cells such as CD4+ T and CD8+ T cells. CD4 cell cells differentiate into Th1, Th2, Th17, or Tregs to produce pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory effects. CD8+ T cells lead to neuronal death by release of perforin and granzyme. B cells produce anti-inflammatory effects via the release of interleukins such as IL-10. TLR, Toll-like receptors; NLRP3, nod-like receptor pyrin domain-containing 3; APC, antigen-presenting cell; CD4+, cluster of differentiation 4+; Th, T helper; Treg, regulatory T cell.