Table 1.
Tolerogenic dendritic cell (tolDC)-inducing protocols.
| Disease/health | DC maturity | tolDC generation | Antigens pulsed | Further stimulation | Harvest | Route | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Healthy adult volunteers | Immature | IL-4; GM-CSF | KLH, MP | — | Day 6 or Day 7 | Subcutaneous or intradermal | (80) |
| Type 1 diabetic | Immature | IL-4; GM-CSF; mixture of antisense oligonucleotides targeting CD40, CD80, and CD86 | No antigen | — | Day 6 | Intradermal | (81) |
| Crohn's Disease | Semi-mature | IL-4; GM-CSF; dexamethasone; vitamin A | No antigen | IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and PGE2 | Day 7 | Intraperitoneal | (82) |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | Immature | IL-4; GM-CSF; Bay11-7082 | Cit-peptide | — | Day 3 | Joint injection | (83) |
| Rheumatic and inflammatory arthritis | Semi-mature | IL-4; GM-CSF; dexamethasone; vitamin D3 | SF | MPLA | Day 7 | Joint injection | (84) |
KLH, keyhole limpet hemocyanin; MP, influenza matrix peptide; Cit-peptide, citrulline peptide; SF, synovial fluid; MPLA, monophosphoryl lipid A.