Figure 4.

HDT reduces granuloma inflammation by PET/CT in macaques. Cynomolgus macaques were infected with Mtb Erdman for approximately 4 months (see Supplementary Table 1) and randomized to treatment with LZD or LZD+IL-1Rn for an additional 4 weeks. PET CT scans were performed pre-treatment 0, 2, and 4 weeks post-treatment with 4 week scans as the last prior to necropsy. (A) 3-D renderings of PET/CT scans from pre-treatment and 4 weeks post-treatment are depicted, with “best” and “worst” of each group referring to TB disease prior to drug administration. (B) Total lung FDG activity of each macaque throughout treatment with LZD (left) or LZD+IL-1Rn (right). Two-way ANOVA with Dunnett's adjusted p-values are reported. (C) Individual granulomas were identified pre-treatment and tracked post-treatment by PET/CT. Change in size (by CT) was determined for granulomas from each animal; the median (left) change in granuloma size from each animal and individual granulomas per animal (right). (D) Standard uptake value (SUVR) of ¹⁸F-FDG was calculated for each granuloma, representing inflammation. The median fold change in SUVR of all granulomas (left) and change in SUVR of individual granulomas from each animal (right) are shown. Mann-Whitney tests determined p-values for (C,D), with p < 0.05 considered significant.