Table I.
The effect of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) on psoriasis
| Study information |
Demographic information |
Information about HCQ |
Information about psoriatic lesions after HCQ administration |
Evidence level15 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study type, year | Sample size | Age, sex | Comorbidities | Psoriasis history | Dose and frequency | Concurrent treatment (dose and frequency) | Latency period | Type of psoriasis | Outcome | Lesion description | Location | BSA/PASI score | |
| CR,16 2019 | 1 | 65, F | Rheumatoid arthritis | No | NR | Methylprednisolone (NR) | 1 week | Inverse psoriasis | Induction | Maculopapular, erythematous rash with silver hue and irregular borders | Scalp, face, neck, armpits, breasts, back, groin, buttocks, mouth | NR | 5 |
| CR,17 2018 | 1 | 41, F | Systemic lupus erythematosus | No | 200 mg twice daily | Prednisone (30-60 mg daily) | 2 months | Erythrodermic psoriasis | Induction | Erythroderma Toenails were yellow and showed hyperkeratosis |
Full body | BSA: 100% PASI: 61.2 |
5 |
| CR,18 2019 | 1 | 34, F | Systemic lupus erythematosus | No | 200 mg daily | Prednisolone (20 mg daily), tacrolimus (3 mg daily) | 3 weeks | Generalized pustular psoriasis | Induction | Pustular rash | Auricle, scalp, forearm 21 days after HCQ initiation | NR | 5 |
| CR,14 2020 | 1 | 71, F | COVID-19 infection | Yes | 2 × 400 mg first day, 2 × 200 mg daily | Oseltamivir (2 × 75 mg) | 4 days | NR | Relapse | Silver-scaled psoriatic plaques separated from the surrounding tissue with sharp borders | Full body | NR | 5 |
| CS,19 2014 | 2 | 40, F | Lichen planopilaris | No | 2 × 200 mg daily | None | 1 month | Pustular psoriasis of erythema centrifugum type | Induction | Erythematous papules and erythema migrans centrifugum-like skin lesions, with peripheral collarette of tiny superficial pustules | Lumbar and presternal areas, scalp | NR | 4 |
| 37, F | None | Yes | 100 mg daily | Methylprednisolone (NR) | 3 weeks | Pustular transformation of pregnancy-triggered psoriasis | Relapse | Suberythroderma with areas of extensive exfoliation and islands of healthy-looking skin partially covered by confluent superficial pustules | NR | NR | |||
| CR,20 2018 | 1 | 56, F | Crohn's disease, rheumatoid arthritis | Yes | 200 mg daily | Ustekinumab (90 mg every 2 months) | 1 year | Inverse psoriasis | Relapse | Large, well-demarcated pink plaques with minimal scale and a few satellite lesions with a collarette of scale | Vagina extending into the perineum, buttocks, and perianal area | NR | 5 |
| CR,21 1985 | 1 | 31, F | Psoriatic arthritis | Yes | 200 mg daily | None | 11 days | NR | Relapse | Generalized erythroderma with macular and popular lesions coalescing in a reticular pattern. Desquamation and bullae (0.5 cm-1cm) |
Face, arms, trunk and forearms | NR | 5 |
| CR,22 2015 | 1 | 50, F | Lichen planus pigmentosus | No | NR | NR | 4 weeks | NR | Induction | Multiple, thick, erythematous, scaly papules confluent into plaques Blue-gray ill-defined patches |
Scalp, ears, neck, back, chest, abdomen, bilateral upper and lower extremities, dorsal surfaces of hands and feet Face, neck, upper portion of chest, lower part of back, upper aspect of abdomen |
BSA: 80% | 5 |
| CR,23 1987 | 1 | 60, M | Rheumatoid arthritis | No | 200 mg twice daily | Prednisone (10 mg twice daily), naproxen (500 mg twice daily) | 3 weeks | NR | Induction | Generalized erythematous 1- to 2-mm popular and pustular eruption | Trunk, arms, hands, penis | NR | 5 |
| CR,24 1990 | 1 | 69, M | Pemphigus erythematous | No | 200 mg daily | Quinidine bisulfate (500 mg daily), isosorbide dinitrate (10 mg daily) | 2 weeks | Pustular psoriasis | Induction | Erythematous patches and multiple small pustules | Trunk and flexures | NR | 5 |
| CR,25 2015 | 1 | 57, F | Primary Sjogren syndrome (however, lack of sicca symptoms or mucosal dryness makes this diagnosis unlikely) Polyarthralgia |
No | NR | NR | 1 week | NR | Induction | Diffuse targetoid erythematous papules and plaques 15-20 hyperkeratotic 1-2 cm plaques |
Back | BSA: 80% | 5 |
| P,26 2015 | 2/114 | NR | Psoriatic arthritis | Yes | NR | NR | 3.5 years (mean) | NR | Exacerbation | Increase in psoriatic lesions | NR | NR | 4 |
| Psoriatic arthritis | Yes | NR | NR | 3.5 years (mean) | NR | Exacerbation | Increase in psoriatic lesions | NR | NR | ||||
| CS,27 1989 | 2 | 40, F | Systematic lupus erythematosus | Yes | 200 mg daily | Methotrexate (10 mg once/week) | 2 weeks | NR | Exacerbation | Plaque-like psoriatic lesions Bilateral malar patches |
Face and full body | 50% BSA | 4 |
| 25, F | Systematic lupus erythematosus | Yes | NR | NR | NR | NR | Exacerbation | Pustular lesions | Scalp, trunk, limbs | NR | |||
| CR,28 2016 | 1 | 70, F | Mixed connective tissue disorder | Yes | NR | NR | 2 weeks | Generalized pustular psoriasis | Exacerbation | Extensive erythematous patches | Full body | NR | 5 |
| CR,29 2010 | 1 | 55 F | None | No | NR | Prednisolone (0.5 mg/kg) | 3 weeks | NR | Induction | Thick, scaly psoriasiform plaques | Around eyes, upper neck, upper back | NR | 5 |
BSA, Body surface area; CR, case report; CS, case series; F, female; M, male; NR, not reported; PASI, Psoriasis Area and Severity Index; P, prospective.