Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of the Three Treatment Groups (Intention-to-Treat Population)
| Characteristics | LPV/r (n = 34) | Arbidol (n = 35) | Control (n = 17) | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender (n, %) | ||||
| Male | 17 (50.0%) | 16 (45.7%) | 7 (41.2%) | 0.831 |
| Female | 17 (50.0%) | 19 (54.3%) | 10 (58.8%) | |
| Age, in years (mean, SD, range) | 50.7 (15.4, 19–79) | 50.5 (14.6, 20–74) | 44.3 (13.1, 27–62) | 0.288 |
| Time from onset to treatment, in days (median, IQR) | 3.5 (2, 6) | 6 (2, 8) | 5 (2, 8) | 0.371 |
| Underlying chronic diseasesa (n, %) | 7 (20.6%) | 5 (14.3%) | 6 (35.3%) | 0.236 |
| Evidence of pneumonia based on chest CT imaging (n, %) | 28 (82.4%) | 33 (94.3%) | 14 (82.4%) | 0.234 |
| Clinical status (n, %) | ||||
| Mild | 6 (17.6%) | 2 (5.7%) | 3 (17.6%) | 0.234 |
| Moderate | 28 (82.4%) | 33 (94.3%) | 14 (82.4%) | |
| White blood cell count,109/L | ||||
| <4 (n, %) | 8 (23.5%) | 11 (31.4%) | 3 (117.6%) | 0.671 |
| 4–10 (n, %) | 25 (73.5%) | 24 (68.6%) | 14 (82.4%) | |
| >10 (n, %) | 1 (2.9%) | 0 | ||
| Lymphocyte count,109/L | ||||
| <1.1 (n, %) | 9 (26.5%) | 9 (25.7%) | 4 (23.5%) | 0.974 |
| 1.1–3.2 (n, %) | 25 (73.5%) | 26 (74.3%) | 13 (76.5%) | |
| Neutrophil count,109/L | ||||
| <1.8 (n, %) | 5 (14.7%) | 6 (17.1%) | 2 (11.8%) | 0.981 |
| 1.8–6.3 (n, %) | 26 (76.5%) | 27 (77.1%) | 14 (82.4%) | |
| >6.3 (n, %) | 3 (8.8%) | 2 (5.7%) | 1 (5.9%) | |
| C-reactive protein, mg/L | ||||
| <10 (n, %) | 17 (50.0%) | 23 (65.7%) | 11 (64.7%) | 0.364 |
| >10 (n, %) | 17 (50.0%) | 12 (34.3%) | 6 (35.3%) | |
| Procalcitonin, ng/mL | ||||
| <0.05 (n, %) | 18 (52.9%) | 24 (68.6%) | 12 (70.6%) | 0.308 |
| >0.05 (n, %) | 16 (47.1%) | 11 (31.4%) | 5 (29.4%) | |
| Use gamma globulin (%) | 3/34 (8.8%) | 2/35 (5.7%) | 1/7 (5.9%) | 0.865 |
| Use of glucocorticoids (%) | 7/34 (20.6%) | 2/35 (5.7%) | 3/17 (17.6%) | 0.153 |
| Oxygen therapy (%) | 0.677 | |||
| None | 12/34 (35.3%) | 13/35 (37.1%) | 7/17 (41.2%) | |
| Low flow oxygen supply | 15/34 (44.1%) | 19/35 (54.3%) | 8/17 (47.0%) | |
| High flow oxygen supply | 7/34 (20.6%) | 3/35 (8.6%) | 2/17 (11.8%) |
a
Cases of chronic diseases were as follows: 1 patient with diabetes, 4 with hypertension, and 2 with both in the LPV/r group; 1 patient with coronary heart disease, 3 with hypertension, and 1 with chronic liver disease in the arbidol group; and 1 patient with coronary heart disease, 2 with hypertension, 2 with chronic liver disease, and 1 with both diabetes and chronic liver disease in the control group.