Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics for patients with COVID-19 and normal controls.
| Variables | Patient group | Control group | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Male, n(%) | 59(57.3) | 54(52.4) | 0.212 |
| Age, (M ± SD) | 42.50 ± 12.53 | 41.45 ± 13.09 | 0.814 |
| 18–30 (%) | 17(16.5) | 17(16.5) | |
| 31–45 (%) | 52(50.5) | 50(48.5) | |
| 46–60 (%) | 22(21.4) | 24(23.3) | |
| 61–75 (%) | 12(11.7) | 12(11.7) | |
| Education, n(%) | 0.599 | ||
| Primary school | 1(1.0) | 2(1.9) | |
| High school | 22(21.4) | 18(17.5) | |
| College | 57(55.3) | 62(60.2) | |
| Postgraduate | 23(22.3) | 21(20.4) | |
| Occupation n(%) | 0.946 | ||
| Students | 0(0) | 3(2.9) | |
| Enterprise employees | 58(56.3) | 46(44.7) | |
| Government employees | 4(3.9) | 3(2.9) | |
| Teachers | 5(4.9) | 6(5.8) | |
| Medical staff | 7(6.8) | 16(15.5) | |
| Individual household | 10(9.7) | 11(10.7) | |
| Other | 19(18.4) | 18(17.5) | |
| Marriage n(%) | 0.121 | ||
| Married | 84(81.6) | 72(69.9) | |
| Unmarried | 13(12.6) | 25(24.3) | |
| Divorced or Widowhood | 6(5.8) | 6(5.8) | |
| Residential city n(%) | 0.536 | ||
| Shanghai | 73(70.9) | 75(72.8) | |
| Wuhan | 17(16.5) | 17(16.5) | |
| Hubei province (except Wuhan) | 7(6.8) | 6(5.8) | |
| Other provinces | 6(5.8) | 5(4.9) | |
| PHQ-9 (M (1st Qu, 3rd Qu)) | 5(3, 8) | 2(0, 5) | <0.001 |
| GAD-7 (M (1st Qu, 3rd Qu)) | 5(1, 7) | 0(0, 4) | <0.001 |
| PSS-10 (M (1st Qu, 3rd Qu)) | 13(10, 17) | 13(8, 16) | 0.238 |
| PCL-5 (M (1st Qu, 3rd Qu)) | 8(4, 14) | 4(1, 8.5) | <0.001 |
| Comorbidity, n(%) | NA | ||
| None | 80(77.7) | – | |
| One | 20(19.4) | – | |
| Two | 2(1.9) | – | |
| Three | 1(1.0) | – | |
| Hospitalization duration (M ± SD) | 8.16 ± 4.06 | – | NA |
| Blood tests (normal range), (M ± SD) | |||
| Leukocyte (3.50～9.50 × 10^9/L) | 5.61 ± 1.90 | – | NA |
| Platelet (125～350 × 10^9/L) | 263.24 ± 93.33 | – | NA |
| Neutrophil (1.80～6.30 × 10^9/L) | 3.28 ± 1.69 | – | NA |
| Lymphocyte (1.10～3.20 × 10^9/L) | 1.73 ± 0.56 | – | NA |
| Monocyte (0.10～0.60 × 10^9/L) | 0.49 ± 0.18 | – | NA |
| HS-CRP (0～10 mg/L) | 9.00 ± 18.69 | – | NA |
| PCT (0～0.05 ng/L) | 0.03 ± 0.19 | – | NA |
| ESR (0～15 mm/h) | 52.75 ± 29.34 | – | NA |
Key: PHQ-9, Patient Health Questionnaire, 9-item version; GAD-7, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, 7-item version; PSS-10, Perceived Stress Scale, 10-item version; PCL-5, PTSD Checklist for DSM-5; HS-CRP, Hypersensitive C-Reactive Protein; PCT, Procalcitonin; ESR, Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate.
Note: The demographical data and psychological scales were obtained from 103 patients, while peripheral inflammatory tests were obtained from 100 patients.