Table 1.
Characteristics of the cortical representation of each muscle.
| Quadriceps |
Hamstrings |
Plantar flexors |
|||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vastus medialis | Rectus femoris | Vastus lateralis | p | Effect size | Medial hamstring | Lateral hamstring | p | Effect size | Medial gastrocnemius | Lateral gastrocnemius | p | Effect size | |
| Latency (ms) | 23.9 (1.4) | 21.7 (1.3) | 24 (3.2) | – | – | 25.4 (1.7) | 26.1 (2.2) | – | – | 33.5 (3) | 32.1 (3) | – | – |
| AP CoG (mm) | −2 (9) | −1 (9) | −1 (8) | 0.01 | 0.003 | −1 (9) | −1 (9) | 0.75 | 0.086 | 0 (8) | 1 (8) | 0.30 | 0.086 |
| ML CoG (mm) | −17 (5) | −17 (5) | −17 (4) | 0.33 | 0.000 | −18 (5) | −17 (5) | 0.16 | 0.395 | −17 (5) | −17 (5) | 0.35 | 0.395 |
| AP hotspot (mm)* | −15 (30) | −5 (30) | −10 (25) | 0.18 | 0.106 | −10 (40) | −15 (20) | 0.07 | 0.482 | −10 (32.5) | −10 (40) | 1 | 0.000 |
| ML hotspot (mm)* | −10 (10) | −10 (10) | −10 (5) | 0.03 | 0.225 | −15 (20) | −15 (10) | 0.62 | 0.131 | −10 (22.5) | −20 (12.5) | 0.37 | 0.241 |
| Map volume (%) | 1645 (577) | 1866 (770) | 1789 (656) | 0.05 | 0.014 | 1596 (694) | 1560 (796) | 0.76 | 0.084 | 2085 (960) | 2131 (739) | 0.8 | 0.084 |
| Number of discrete peaks* | 3.5 (2) | 4 (2.5) | 3 (3) | 0.32 | 0.071 | 4 (5) | 3 (3) | 0.96 | 0.012 | 4 (3.3) | 5 (3.3) | 0.07 | 0.481 |
Data are mean (standard deviation) for variables evaluated with parametric statistics and median (interquartile range) for variables evaluated with non-parametric statistics. Effect size is η2 for one-way analysis of variance, dz for paired t-test, Kendall’s coefficient of concordance (W) for Friedman test and r for signed-rank test.
AP, anterior-posterior; CoG, centre of gravity; ML, medial–lateral.
N = 16 for quadriceps, 14 for hamstrings, and 13 for plantar flexors.
*
Evaluated using non-parametric statistics.