Table 5.2.
Guidelines for pediatric-specific equipment and suppliesa
| General equipment |
Patient warming device (infant warmer) Restraint device for children Weight scale for infants and children Length-based resuscitation tape Pain-scale assessment tools appropriate for age |
| Monitoring equipment |
Blood pressure cuffs (neonatal, infant, child, adult) Doppler ultrasound devices ECG monitor/defibrillator with pediatric and adult capabilities, including pediatric-sized pads/paddles Invasive thermometer Pulse oximeter with pediatric and adult probes Continuous end-tidal carbon dioxide monitoring device |
| Respiratory |
Endotracheal tubes • Uncuffed: 2.5 and 3.0 mm • Cuffed or uncuffed: 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, 5.0, and 5.5 mm • Cuffed: 6.0, 6.5, 7.0, 7.5, and 8.0 mm Feeding tubes (5F and 8F) Laryngoscope blades curved: 2 and 3; straight: 0, 1, 2, and 3 Laryngoscope handle Magill forceps (pediatric and adult) Nasopharyngeal airways (infant, child, and adult) Oropharyngeal airways (sizes 0–5) Stylets for endotracheal tubes (pediatric and adult) Suction catheters (infant, child, and adult) Tracheostomy tubes (sizes 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, 5.0, and 5.5 mm) Yankauer suction tip Bag-mask device (manual resuscitator), self-inflating (infant size: 450 mL; adult size: 1000 mL) Clear oxygen masks (standard and nonrebreathing) for an infant, child, and adult Masks to fit bag-mask device adaptor (neonatal, infant, child, and adult sizes) Nasal cannulas (infant, child, and adult) Nasogastric tubes (sump tubes): infant (8F), child (10F), and adult (14F–18F) Laryngeal mask airwaya |
| Vascular access |
Arm boards (infant, child, and adult sizes) Catheter over-the-needle device (14–24 gauge) Intraosseous needles or device (pediatric and adult sizes) Intravenous catheter–administration sets with calibrated chambers and extension tubing and/or infusion devices with ability to regulate rate and volume of infusate Umbilical vein catheters (3.5F and 5.0F)b Central venous catheters (4.0F–7.0F) Intravenous solutions to include normal saline, dextrose 5% in normal saline, and dextrose 10% in water |
| Fracture-management devices |
Extremity splints, including femur splints (pediatric and adult sizes) Spine-stabilization method/devices appropriate for children of all agesc |
| Pediatric trays or kits |
Lumbar puncture tray, including infant (22-gauge), pediatric (22-gauge), and adult (18- to 21-gauge) Lumbar puncture needles Supplies/kit for patients with difficult airway conditions (to include but not limited to supraglottic airways of all sizes, such as the laryngeal mask airway, two-needle cricothyrotomy supplies, and surgical cricothyrotomy kit) Tube thoracostomy tray Chest tubes to include infant, child, and adult sizes (infant: 10F–12F; child, 16F–24F; adult, 28F– 40F) Newborn delivery kit (including equipment for initial resuscitation of a newborn infant: umbilical clamp, scissors, bulb syringe, and towel) Urinary catheterization kits and urinary (indwelling) catheter (6F–22F) |
References: (American Academy of Pediatrics and American College of Emergency Physicians et al. 2012; American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Pediatric Emergency Medicine, American College of Emergency Physicians, Pediatric Committee, and Emergency Nurses Association Pediatric Committee 2009; American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma, American College of Emergency Physicians, National Association of EMS Physicians, Pediatric Equipment Guidelines Committee Emergency Medical Services for Children (EMSC) Partnership for Children Stakeholder Group, American Academy of Pediatrics 2009; Desmond et al. 2011)
aLaryngeal mask airways could be shared with anesthesia but must be immediately accessible to the ED
bFeeding tubes (size 5F) may be used as umbilical venous catheters but are not ideal. A method for securing the umbilical catheter, such as an umbilical tie, should also be available
cA spinal stabilization device is one that can stabilize the neck of an infant, child, or adolescent in a neutral position