Table 1.
Characteristics at baseline for 3769 participants by quartile of ARV in FG from 1985–1986 to 2010–2011
| Characteristic | ARV in FG | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quartile 1 | Quartile 2 | Quartile 3 | Quartile 4 | p valuea | |
| ARV glucose, mmol/1 per year, range | 0.0001, 0.008 | 0.009, 0.012 | 0.013,0.018 | 0.019, 0.08 | |
| n | 942 | 942 | 943 | 942 | |
| Age, years | 24.7 ± 3.7 | 25.3 ± 3.5 | 24.9 ± 3.6 | 25.1 ± 3.6 | <0.005 |
| Women | 560 (59) | 542 (58) | 542 (57) | 463 (49) | <0.001 |
| Black | 470 (50) | 398 (42) | 409 (43) | 499 (53) | <0.001 |
| Education, >4 years college | 91 (10) | 133 (14) | 105 (11) | 70 (7) | <0.001 |
| Current smoker | 247 (26) | 240 (25) | 250 (27) | 301 (32) | <0.05 |
| No daily alcohol | 389 (41) | 354 (38) | 371 (39) | 352 (37) | 0.53 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 24.1 ± 5.0 | 23.9 ± 4.3 | 24.1 ± 4.3 | 24.8 ± 5.2 | <0.001 |
| Systolic BP, mmHg | 109.6 ± 10.9 | 109.7 ± 10.8 | 109.5 ± 10.3 | 111.1 ± 10.8 | <0.005 |
| Diastolic BP, mmHg | 68.4 ± 9.2 | 68.5 ± 9.0 | 68.0 ± 9.7 | 68.8 ± 9.9 | 0.34 |
| BP-lowering medication use | 29 (3) | 9 (1) | 20 (2) | 18 (2) | <0.05 |
| Physical activity, EU | 429 ± 305 | 408 ± 298 | 424 ± 289 | 419 ± 296 | 0.48 |
| LDL-cholesterol, mmol/l | 2.81 ± 0.8 | 2.86 ± 0.8 | 2.83 ± 0.76 | 2.81 ± 0.82 | 0.50 |
| FG at baseline, mmol/l | 4.57 ± 0.38 | 4.54 ± 0.43 | 4.51 ± 0.44 | 4.50 ± 0.52 | <0.05 |
| FG at variability censoring examination, mmol/l | 5.13 ± 0.43 | 5.22 ± 0.51 | 5.27± 0.57 | 5.40 ± 0.66 | <0.001 |
| Weighted average FG, mmol/l | 4.93 ± 0.32 | 4.98 ± 0.33 | 5 ± 0.34 | 5.08 ± 0.38 | <0.001 |
| Incident diabetes before event of administrative censoring | 39 (4) | 46 (5) | 67 (7) | 165 (18) | <0.001 |
| Number of glucose measurementsb | 4.7 ± 1.3 | 5.6 ± 1.3 | 5.9 ± 1.3 | 5.5 ± 1.5 | <0.001 |
| CV glucose, % | 5.7 ± 2.6 | 7.0 ± 2.6 | 7.7 ± 2.4 | 10.0 ± 3.2 | <0.001 |
| ARV glucose, mmol/l per year | 0.006 ± 0.002 | 0.01 ± 0.001 | 0.015 ± 0.002 | 0.025 ± 0.008 | <0.001 |
| Proportion of ARV in a positive direction, % | 0.75 ± 0.24 | 0.70 ± 0.20 | 0.66 ± 0.18 | 0.63 ± 0.19 | <0.001 |
| Have the majority of ARV in a positive direction | 799 (85) | 785 (83) | 793 (84) | 727 (77) | <0.001 |
Data are mean ± SD or n (%) unless stated otherwise
ARV in FG was calculated as the absolute difference between successive measurements of FG, divided by the duration between FG measurements, to create annualised ARV-FG between examinations. Annualised ARV-FG was then summed over examinations and divided by the number of years contributing to ARV-FG determination
a
p value for global test: ANOVA for continuous variables and Pearson χ2 tests for categorical variables
b
Range n: 3–7