Table 1.

Literature on relationship between CACNA1C and cognition in BD and SZ.

Publication	Subjects	Cognitive tests	Results: CACNA1C & cognition	SNP, rs#
(Cosgrove et al., 2017)	157 healthy 557 broad psychosis 409 SZ/SZA	SWM (CANTAB) In replication studies: MATRICS working memory (Cardiff) N-back, DS (WAIS), SS (WAIS) (Germany)	-Associated with increased errors on CANTAB -Association in same direction within diagnostic groups (broad, narrow, HC), but was nonsignificant in HC -No association for verbal working memory -In replication analyses in two other samples: Cardiff (no association for working memory, but was associated with verbal memory), Germany (main effect for n-back, but not for digit/spatial span)	2007044
(Rolstad et al., 2016)	104 healthy 114 BD	TMT number sequencing (D-KEFS), Digit Symbol coding (WAIS-III), CDT, RCFT recall, DS (WAIS-III), LNS (WAIS-III), RCFT copy, BD (WAIS-III), Similarities (WAIS-III), Verbal Fluency Test (D-KEFS), Color-Word Interference (D-KEFS), Design Fluency (D-KEFS), Tower Test (D-KEFS), CPT	-No significant associations were found between CACNA1C and any cognitive domains or IQ	1006737
(Soeiro-de-Souza et al., 2013)	96 healthy 109 BD	LNS (WAIS-III), DS (WAIS-III), TMT, and WCST	-No influence of CACNA1C on cognition in HC	1006737
(Hori et al., 2012)	1132 healthy 552 SZ	Japanese versions of WMS-R, WAIS-R, and WCST	-Genotype was marginally significant for logical memory for SZ patients but not HC	1006737
(Zhang et al., 2012)	401 healthy 318 SZ 74 BP	Chinese versions of WAIS-R, N-back, DPX	-Healthy and SZ: Risk allele associated w impaired working memory (1-back, Bx condition of the DPX task)	1006737
(Thimm et al., 2011)	82 healthy	ANT	-Risk homozygotes impaired in Alerting and Orienting	1006737
(Krug et al., 2010)	63 healthy men	Semantic verbal fluency	-Risk carriers performed worse than non-carriers on semantic fluency tasks with abnormal activation patterns on fMRI	1006737
(Roussos et al., 2013)	530 healthy men	CANTAB	-No genotype effect on sensorimotor gating or CANTAB	1006737
(Erk et al., n.d.)	110 healthy	3 consecutive memory test (encoding, recall, and recognition),VIQ (MWT-B), -RAVLT	-Risk carriers exhibit reduction of ACC and bilateral hippocampal activation during episodic memory	1006737
(Bigos et al., 2010)	440 healthy 282 SZ	-Emotional memory, N-back	Risk carriers had increased activity in hippocampus during emotion processing and in PFC during N-back	1006737
(Splawski et al., 2005)	5 children	CELF, GFTA, NEPSY	-Timothy Syndrome with CaV1.2 missense mutation (G406R). --All children showed developmental delays consistent with language, motor, and generalized cognitive impairment.	1006737

Key: HC = healthy controls, BD = bipolar disorder, SZ = schizophrenia, SZA = schizoaffective disorder, SWM = Spatial Working Memory, CANTAB = Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery, MATRICS = Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia, DS = digit span, WAIS-III = Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale version III, SS = spatial span, TMT = Trails Making Task, D-KEFS = Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System, CDT = Claeson-Dahl Test, RCFT = Rey Complex Figure Test, LNS = letter-number sequencing, BD = Block Design, CPT = Continuous Performance Test, WCST = Wisconsin Card Sorting Task, WMS-R = Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised, WAIS-R = Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised, DPX = Dot Pattern expectancy, ANT = Attention Network Test, VIQ = Verbal Intelligence Quotient, MWT-B = Mehrfachwahl-Wortschatz-Intelligenztest, version B, RAVLT = Rey Auditory Learning Task, CELF = Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals, GFTA = Goldman-Fristoe Test of Articulation, NEPSY = A Developmental Neuropsychological Assessment.