Table 1.
Basic characteristics of the subjects.
| Variable of Interest | Mean (SD) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Men (n = 382) | Women (n = 404) | Overall (n = 786) | |
| Age (years) | 58.35 (9.41) a | 56.03 (8.70) | 57.16 (9.12) |
| Weight (kg) | 70.90 (10.78) a | 61.08 (12.30) | 65.85 (12.56) |
| Height (m) | 166.54 (9.67) a | 154.60 (5.50) | 160.39 (9.84) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.42 (3.61) | 25.54 (4.98) a | 25.48 (4.36) |
| DXA T-score | |||
| Lumbar spine | 0.05 (1.27) | −0.7 (1.40) a | −0.4 (1.39) |
| Left hip | −0.05 (1.28) | −1.1 (1.29) | −0.8 (1.31) |
| QUS T-score | |||
| Calcaneus | −1.05 (0.89) | −1.39 (0.83) | −1.2 (0.87) |
| n (%) | |||
| Age Range (years) | |||
| 40–50 | 87 (22.8) | 115 (28.5) | 202 (25.7) |
| 51–60 | 127 (33.2) | 156 (38.6) | 282 (36.0) |
| 61 and above | 168 (44.0) | 133 (32.9) | 301 (38.3) |
| Ethnicity | |||
| Malay | 160 (41.9) | 182 (45.0) | 342 (43.5) |
| Chinese | 181 (47.4) | 182 (45.0) | 363 (46.2) |
| Indians/Others | 41 (10.7) | 40 (9.9) | 81 (10.3) |
| Body Mass Index (kg/m2) | |||
| Underweight | 173 (45.3) | 177 (43.8) | 65 (8.3) |
| Normal | 26 (6.8) | 39 (9.7) | 350 (44.5) |
| Overweight | 183 (47.9) | 188 (46.5) | 371 (47.2) |
| Bone health status based on QUS | |||
| Low risk | 164 (42.9) | 108 (26.7) | 272 (34.6) |
| Moderate risk | 206 (53.9) | 267 (66.1) | 473 (60.2) |
| High risk | 12 (3.1) | 29 (7.2) | 41 (5.2) |
| Bone health status based on DXA | |||
| Normal | 226 (59.2) | 164 (40.6) | 390 (49.6) |
| Osteopenia | 124 (32.5) | 175 (43.3) | 299 (38.0) |
| Osteoporosis | 32 (8.4) | 65 (16.1) | 97 (12.3) |
a Indicates a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). BMI, body mass index; QUS, quantitative ultrasound; SD, standard deviation; WHO, World Health Organization.