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. 2020 Apr 16;10(4):42. doi: 10.3390/life10040042

Figure 5.

Figure 5

A Venn diagram of the four pillars of lyfe. Sublyfe (regions 1–8) is any system that performs some but not all of the pillars, while lyfe (region 9) is any system that performs all four. Autocatalysis and learning require a continuous supply of free energy and are thus contingent on dissipation; however, homeostasis can occur even in equilibrium systems and therefore does not always require dissipation. See text for examples of each region.