Table 1.
Summary of clinicopathological characteristics of patient cohorts.
| BPH | LPC | APC | TRUSbx Benign | TRUSbx Malignant | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of Samples | n = 144 | n = 407 | n = 57 | n = 63 | n = 82 |
| Median Age (range) | 70 (46–87) | 64 (36–77) | 78 (47–86) | 66 (43–80) | 68 (43–80) |
| Serum PSA levels, n (%) | |||||
| ≤10 ng/mL | 114 (79.2%) | 155 (38.1%) | 5 (8.8%) | 41 (65.1%) | 43 (52.4%) |
| >10 ng/mL | 20 (13.9%) | 252 (61.9%) | 55 (96.5%) | 22 (34.9%) | 39 (47.6%) |
| Unknown | 10 (6.9%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
| Median PSA, ng/mL (range) | 4.1 (.2–141) | 11.40 (2–61) | 78 (4.1–1147) | 8.4 (3.3–54.7) | 8.6 (4–466) |
| Pre-biopsy DRE status, n (%) | |||||
| Positive | NA | NA | NA | 14 (22.2%) | 45 (54.9%) |
| Negative | NA | NA | NA | 42 (66.7%) | 30 (36.6%) |
| Unknown | NA | NA | NA | 7 (11.1%) | 7 (8.5%) |
| T-stage, n (%) * | |||||
| T1 | NA | 0 (0%) | 3 (5.3%) | NA | 26 (31.7%) |
| T2 | NA | 276 (67.8%) | 12 (21.1%) | NA | 17 (20.7%) |
| T3 | NA | 131 (32.2%) | 35 (61.4%) | NA | 36 (43.9%) |
| T4 | NA | 0 (0%) | 5 (8.8%) | NA | 0 (0%) |
| Unknown | NA | 0 (0%) | 2 (3.5%) | NA | 3 (3.7%) |
| Gleason Grade Group, n (%) * | |||||
| 1 | NA | 149 (36.6%) | 2 (3.5%) | NA | 21 (25.6%) |
| 2 | NA | 188 (46.2%) | 6 (10.5%) | NA | 23 (28%) |
| 3 | NA | 4 (1%) | 8 (14%) | NA | 5 (6.1%) |
| 4 | NA | 52 (12.8%) | 15 (26.3%) | NA | 15 (18.3%) |
| 5 | NA | 14 (3.4%) | 24 (42.1%) | NA | 18 (22%) |
| Unknown | NA | 0 (0%) | 2 (3.5%) | NA | 0 (0%) |
| Surgical margin status, n (%) | |||||
| Negative | NA | 282 (69.3%) | NA | NA | NA |
| Positive | NA | 122 (30%) | NA | NA | NA |
| Unknown | NA | 3 (0.7%) | NA | NA | NA |
BPH: benign prostatic hyperplasia; LP: localized prostate cancer; AP: advanced prostate cancer; TRUSb: transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) guided biopsy; PS: prostate specific antigen; DR: digital rectal examination. * All LPC patients were treated by radical prostatectomy (RP), and T-stage and Gleason Grade Group were evaluated on the RP specimen. All APC were patients with verified metastatic PC at the time of diagnosis or high-risk features excluding curative treatment and consequently T-stage and Gleason Grade Group were from the time of diagnosis. NA: not available/applicable.