Table 1.
Studies in Granulomatosis with polyangiitis describing cutaneous involvements.
| Reference | Number of GPA cases | Number of cases with skin involvement | Clinical types of skin lesions | Special remarks related to skin involvement |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| [2] | 702 | 239 (34%) | Petechiae or purpura [113 cases] Painful skin lesions of any type [66 cases] Maculopapular rash [47 cases] Livedo reticularis [4 cases] Livedo racemose [2 cases] Non tender nodules [8 cases] Tender nodules [21 cases] Gangrene [11 cases] Splinter hemorrhage [11 cases] Ulcer [30 cases] Urticaria [5 cases] Pruritus [26 cases] Other [33 cases] |
|
| [18] | 52 | 19 (36.5%) | Palpable purpura Pyoderma gangrenosum-like ulcerations Acneiform papules and pustules Folliculitis Churg-Strauss granulomas Nondescript papules, nodules and ulcerations Vasculitic and granulomatous lesions Petichial, purpuric and erythematous rashes |
Skin involvement was the initial manifestation of the disease in 7.7% of the 19 cases with skin involvement |
| [3] | 244 | 34 (14%) (complete data were available in 30 patients) |
Palpable purpura [14 cases] Pyoderma-like ulcers [8 cases] Papules [6 cases] Petechiae [3 cases] Nodules [4 cases] Superficial ulcerations [4 cases] Bullae [3 cases] Maculae and erythema [2 cases] |
Renal disease occurred in 80% of cases with skin involvement |
| [4] | 75 | 35 (46.7%) | Palpable purpura [26 cases] Oral ulcers [15 cases] Skin nodules [6 cases] Skin ulcers [5 cases] Necrotic papules [5 cases] Gingival hyperplasia [3 cases] Pustules [2 cases] Palpebral xanthoma [2 cases] Genital ulcer [1 case] Digital necrosis [1 case] Livedo reticularis [1 case] |
|
| [7] | 180 | 82 (46%) | Palpable purpura Ulcers Vesicles Papules Subcutaneous nodules |
In 13% of the cases, skin lesions occurred initially |
| [5] | 18 (with severe renal disease) | 12 (66.7%) | Vasculitis [9 cases] Diffuse non itchy macular or maculopapular erythematous rash [10 cases] Nodular lesions [1 case] |
Two cases developed skin lesions as the initial manifestation |
| [6] | 85 | 38 (45%) | Papules Vesicles Palpable purpura Ulcers Subcutaneous nodules |
Skin rash was the presenting sign in 11 (13%) of cases |