Figure 4.

Effect of αLβ2 inhibitors on the conformational state of αLβ2, α4β1, and CD69 expression. Exposure of (a) m24 epitope, (b) MEM148 epitope, and (c) HUTS‐21 on CD2+ T cells after 40 min of treatment with anti‐αL (efalizumab, R7.1, and TS1/22), anti‐α4 (natalizumab), anti‐α4β7 (vedolizumab) mAbs (all 10 μg·ml⁻¹), small‐molecule inhibitors targeting αL (LFA878 and BIRT377), αLβ2 (XVA143 and lifitegrast) and α4 (firategrast and RO0505376; all 10 μM), and respective controls. (d) Surface expression of CD69 on CD2+ T cells after 24 hr of treatment with efalizumab (10 μg·ml⁻¹), natalizumab (10 μg·ml⁻¹), and respective isotype controls (hIgG1 and hIgG4). Anti‐CD3 (OKT3) was used as positive control for the induction of CD69 surface expression. Each bar represents the mean value ± SEM of five independent experiments using blood samples from different donors. Statistical significance was determined by using one‐way ANOVA, *P < .05, versus control