Figure 1.

Decreased CRAMP production is found in patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) and in mice with experimental renal ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R). (a) Plasma LL‐37 levels from patients with AKI and healthy donors (n = 18 in healthy control group, n = 20 in AKI patient group) by ELISA. (b–d) Mice were subjected to renal I/R‐induced injury and compared with sham group mice. (b) Serum CRAMP determination by ELISA (n = 8 per group). (c) Western blot and densitometry analysis of CRAMP precursor and of the mature peptide in kidney tissues (n = 8 per group), GAPDH was used as loading control. (d) Localization and expression of CRAMP (red), E‐cadherin (green) and Ly6G (yellow) in kidney tissues by immunofluorescent staining (n = 8 minimum per group). Representative photomicrographs of individual and merged staining are shown. Nuclei are stained with DAPI (blue). Scale bar: 50 μm. Data are means ± SEM. *P < .05, significantly different as indicated; grouped t test. [Colour figure can be viewed at http://wileyonlinelibrary.com]