Table 4.
Association between preeclampsia and maternal plasma TAMO concentration in the second trimester
| PE type | Quartile for TMAO concentration in the second trimester (μg/m3) | p for trend | Per 50 μg/m3 increment | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 (< 57.58) | Q2 (57.58- < 84.80) | Q3 (84.80- < 116.36) | Q4 (≥116.36) | |||
| PE | ||||||
| Case / Control | 21/ 45 | 9/ 57 | 14/ 52 | 22/ 44 | ||
| OR (95%CI) | Reference | 0.34 (0.14, 0.81) | 0.58 (0.26, 1.27) | 1.07 (0.52, 2.22) | 0.611 | 1.33 (0.98, 1.79) |
| ORaadj (95%CI) | Reference | 0.30 (0.12, 0.75) | 0.57 (0.24, 1.32) | 1.00 (0.47, 2.14) | 0.867 | 1.23 (0.90, 1.68) |
| EOPE | ||||||
| Case / Control | 6/ 45 | 3/ 57 | 4/ 52 | 4/ 44 | ||
| OR (95%CI) | Reference | 0.40 (0.09, 1.67) | 0.58 (0.15, 2.17) | 0.68 (0.18, 2.58) | 0.643 | 0.89 (0.47, 1.67) |
| ORaadj (95%CI) | Reference | 0.34 (0.08, 1.53) | 0.52 (0.13, 2.18) | 0.66 (0.16, 2.65) | 0.372 | 0.75 (0.39, 1.44) |
| LOPE | ||||||
| Case / Control | 15/ 45 | 6/ 57 | 10/ 52 | 18/ 44 | ||
| OR (95%CI) | Reference | 0.32 (0.11, 0.88) | 0.58 (0.24, 1.41) | 1.23 (0.55, 2.74) | 0.389 | 1.48 (1.06, 2.05) |
| ORaadj (95%CI) | Reference | 0.40 (0.16, 1.00) | 0.61 (0.24, 1.56) | 1.12 (0.48, 2.59) | 0.521 | 1.41 (1.00, 1.98) |
| Mild PE | ||||||
| Case / Control | 14/ 45 | 4/ 57 | 7/ 52 | 16/ 44 | ||
| OR (95%CI) | Reference | 0.23 (0.07, 0.73) | 0.43 (0.16, 1.17) | 1.17 (0.51, 2.68) | 0.497 | 1.55 (1.09, 2.20) |
| ORaadj (95%CI) | Reference | 0.25 (0.05, 1.19) | 0.43 (0.15, 1.30) | 1.19 (0.50, 2.86) | 0.510 | 1.35 (0.69, 2.64) |
| Severe PE | ||||||
| Case / Control | 7/ 45 | 5/ 57 | 7/ 52 | 6/ 44 | ||
| OR (95%CI) | Reference | 0.56 (0.17, 1.90) | 0.87 (0.28, 2.66) | 0.88 (0.27, 2.82) | 0.999 | 0.98 (0.58, 1.66) |
| ORaadj (95%CI) | Reference | 0.53 (0.15, 1.87) | 0.89 (0.26, 2.97) | 0.71 (0.20, 2.50) | 0.550 | 0.83 (0.48, 1.43) |
a: Adjusted for year of education, pre-pregnancy BMI, smoking during pregnancy, fetal gender;
Abbreviation: TMAO trimethylamine-N-oxide; PE preeclampsia; EOPE early onset preeclampsia; LOPE late onset preeclampsia; OR odds ratio; CI confidence interval