Table 5.
Associations between preeclampsia and maternal plasma TMAO concentration at the time of delivery
| PE type | Quartile for TMAO concentration in the third trimester (μg/m3) | p for trend | Per 50 μg/m3 increment | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 (< 86.30) | Q2 (86.30- < 138.60) | Q3 (138.60- < 207.04) | Q4 (≥207.04) | |||
| PE | ||||||
| Case / Control | 8/ 57 | 22/ 45 | 14/ 52 | 22/ 44 | ||
| OR (95%CI) | Reference | 3.48 (1.42, 8.56) | 1.92 (0.74, 4.94) | 3.56 (1.45, 8.76) | 0.033 | 1.23 (1.09, 1.37) |
| ORaadj (95%CI) | Reference | 3.62 (1.39, 9.43) | 2.10 (0.80, 5.55) | 4.25 (1.62, 11.10) | 0.018 | 1.24 (1.09, 1.40) |
| EOPE | ||||||
| Case / Control | 1/ 57 | 5/ 45 | 1/ 52 | 10/ 44 | ||
| OR (95%CI) | Reference | 6.33 (0.71, 56.16) | 1.10 (0.07, 17.98) | 12.96 (1.60, 105.04) | 0.008 | 1.59 (1.29, 1.96) |
| ORaadj (95%CI) | Reference | 5.76 (0.64, 52.27) | 1.15 (0.09, 14.88) | 14.86 (1.66, 129.85) | 0.010 | 1.62 (1.29, 2.03) |
| LOPE | ||||||
| Case / Control | 7/ 57 | 17/ 45 | 13/ 52 | 12/ 44 | ||
| OR (95%CI) | Reference | 3.08 (1.17, 8.06) | 2.04 (0.75, 5.49) | 2.22 (0.81, 6.11) | 0.273 | 1.12 (0.99, 1.27) |
| ORaadj (95%CI) | Reference | 3.41 (1.21, 9.56) | 2.23 (0.80, 6.22) | 2.70 (0.93, 7.85) | 0.190 | 1.12 (0.98, 1.28) |
| Mild PE | ||||||
| Case / Control | 7/ 57 | 13/ 45 | 10/ 52 | 11/ 44 | ||
| OR (95%CI) | Reference | 2.35 (0.87, 6.39) | 1.57 (0.56, 4.41) | 2.04 (0.73, 5.68) | 0.319 | 1.14 (1.00, 1.31) |
| ORaadj (95%CI) | Reference | 2.16 (0.75, 6.24) | 1.83 (0.62, 5.39) | 2.61 (0.87, 7.83) | 0.184 | 1.16 (1.00, 1.35) |
| Severe PE | ||||||
| Case / Control | 1/ 57 | 9/ 45 | 4/ 52 | 11/ 44 | ||
| OR (95%CI) | Reference | 11.39 (1.39, 93.27) | 4.39 (0.48, 40.50) | 14.25 (1.77, 114.59) | 0.015 | 1.40 (1.18, 1.67) |
| ORaadj (95%CI) | Reference | 12.25 (1.41, 106.65) | 4.42 (0.48, 40.92) | 14.37 (1.74, 118.77) | 0.019 | 1.41 (1.17, 1.70) |
a Adjusted for year of education, pre-pregnancy BMI, smoking during pregnancy, fetal gender;
Abbreviation: TMAO trimethylamine-N-oxide; PE preeclampsia; EOPE early onset preeclampsia; LOPE late onset preeclampsia; OR odds ratio; CI confidence interval