Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study population in CHNS(2015) by gendersa,b
| General Characteristic | Women(N = 5964) | Men(N = 4934) | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age,n (%) | < 0.001 | ||
| 18–44 years | 2318(38.9) | 1753(35.5) | |
| 45–64 years | 3646(61.1) | 3181(64.5) | |
| Education level, n (%) | < 0.001 | ||
| Primary/illiterate | 1752(29.4) | 933(18.9) | |
| Middle school | 2122(35.6) | 1929(39.1) | |
| High/above | 2090(35.0) | 2072(42.0) | |
| Income level, n (%) | 0.005 | ||
| Low | 1883(31.6) | 1429(29.0) | |
| Medium | 1963(32.9) | 1630(33.0) | |
| High | 2118(35.5) | 1875(38.0) | |
| Geogerphical region, n (%) | 0.437 | ||
| Rural | 3727(62.5) | 3119(63.2) | |
| Urban | 2237(37.5) | 1815(36.8) | |
| PA level, n (%) | < 0.001 | ||
| Low | 1923(32.2) | 1708(34.6) | |
| Medium | 2108(35.3) | 1536(31.1) | |
| High | 1933(32.4) | 1690(34.3) | |
| Smoking, n (%) | < 0.001 | ||
| Ever/Never | 5870(98.4) | 2155(43.7%) | |
| Current | 94(1.6) | 2779(56.3%) | |
| Drinking, n (%) | < 0.001 | ||
| Ever/Never | 5563(93.3) | 2153(43.6) | |
| Current | 401(6.7) | 2781(56.4) | |
| BMI category, n (%) | < 0.001 | ||
| Underweight | 291(4.9) | 183(3.7) | |
| Normal | 2931(49.1) | 2220(45.0) | |
| Overweight | 1933(32.4) | 1820(36.9) | |
| Obesity | 809(13.6) | 711(14.4) | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.0 ± 0.1 | 24.4 ± 0.1 | < 0.001 |
| WC (cm) | 81.0 ± 0.2 | 86.2 ± 0.2 | < 0.001 |
| Dietary intake | |||
| Daily energy (k cal) | 1919.4 ± 8.9 | 2273.9 ± 11.3 | < 0.001 |
| Fat (g) | 77.7 ± 0.6 | 91.5 ± 0.7 | < 0.001 |
| Protein (g) | 62.3 ± 0.3 | 74.0 ± 0.4 | < 0.001 |
| Carbohydrate (g) | 242.0 ± 1.4 | 282.4 ± 1.8 | < 0.001 |
| Fat (% E3) | 35.9 ± 0.2 | 36.0 ± 0.2 | 0.819 |
| Protein (% E 4) | 13.2 ± 0.1 | 13.2 ± 0.1 | 0.197 |
| Carbohydrate (% E5) | 50.7 ± 0.2 | 49.8 ± 0.2 | < 0.001 |
aData for categorical variable expressed as number (%); bValues are mean ± s.e. for continuous variables. % E3,4,5 means the percentage of energy intake from fat, protein and carbohydrate, respectively