Table 2.
Analysis of risk factors for SSI in patients undergoing CS in the PRE-Int and POST-Int groups and Overall
| Overall (n = 1040) | PRE-Int (n = 467) | POST-Int (n = 573) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SSI (n = 320) | No SSI (n = 720) | p-value | SSI (n = 225) | No SSI (n = 242) | p-value | SSI (n = 95) | No SSI (n = 478) | p-value | |
| Age, years | 0.403 | 0.561 | 0.009 | ||||||
| < 20 | 58 (35.2) | 107 (64.8) | 33 (43.4) | 43 (56.6) | 25 (28.1) | 64 (71.9) | |||
| 21–34 | 220 (29.9) | 516 (70.1) | 164 (48.4) | 175 (51.6) | 56 (14.1) | 341 (85.9) | |||
| > 34 | 39 (29.8) | 92 (70.2) | 27 (52.9) | 24 (47.1) | 12 (15.0) | 68 (85.0) | |||
| Not known | 1 (100) | 0 | 2 (28.6) | 5 (71.4) | |||||
| BMI, median (range) | 27.8 (14–46) | 26.9 (16–66) | 0.031 | 27.7 (19–46) | 26.7 (18–45) | 0.060 | 27.8 (14–41) | 27 (16–66) | 0.224 |
| Education | 0.327 | 0.518 | 0.621 | ||||||
| No | 46 (35.1) | 85 (64.9) | 34 (51.5) | 32 (48.5) | 12 (18.5) | 53 (81.5) | |||
| Standard 7a | 165 (31.2) | 364 (68.8) | 112 (46.5) | 129 (53.5) | 53 (18.4) | 235 (81.6) | |||
| Form I-VIb | 88 (30.4) | 201 (69.6) | 68 (51.5) | 64 (48.5) | 20 (12.7) | 137 (87.3) | |||
| College/University | 16 (21.1) | 60 (78.9) | 7 (33.3) | 14 (66.7) | 9 (16.4) | 46 (83.6) | |||
| Not known | 5 (33.3) | 10 (66.7) | 4 (57.1) | 3 (42.9) | 1 (12.5) | 7 (87.5) | |||
| HIV+ | 0.097 | 0.462 | 0.104 | ||||||
| Yes | 16 (44.4) | 20 (55.6) | 10 (58.8) | 7 (41.2) | 6 (31.6) | 13 (68.4) | |||
| No | 295 (30.4) | 676 (69.6) | 211 (48.2) | 227 (51.8) | 84 (15.8) | 449 (84.2) | |||
| Not known | 9 (27.3) | 24 (72.7) | 4 (33.3) | 8 (66.7) | 5 (23.8) | 16 (76.2) | |||
| CS type | 0.607 | 0.469 | 0.338 | ||||||
| Elective | 21 (27.6) | 55 (72.4) | 18 (42.9) | 24 (57.1) | 3 (8.8) | 31 (91.2) | |||
| Emergency | 299 (21.0) | 665 (69.0) | 207 (48.7) | 218 (51.3) | 92 (17.1) | 447 (82.9) | |||
| Indication for CS | 0.801 | 0.558 | 0.084 | ||||||
| Previously knownc | 133 (30.8) | 299 (69.2) | 104 (49.5) | 106 (50.5) | 29 (13.1) | 193 (86.9) | |||
| Not previously known | 187 (30.8) | 420 (69.2) | 121 (47.3) | 135 (52.7) | 66 (18.8) | 285 (81.2) | |||
| Operator grade | 0.006 | 0.038 | 1.000 | ||||||
| Junior | 229 (33.4) | 456 (66.6) | 172 (51.0) | 165 (49.0) | 57 (16.4) | 291 (83.6) | |||
| Senior | 87 (25.2) | 258 (74.8) | 51 (40.2) | 76 (59.8) | 36 (16.5) | 182 (83.5) | |||
| Skin disinfection | < 0.001 | 0.410 | 1.000 | ||||||
| Dettol/Ethanol | 48 (50.0) | 48 (50.0) | 47 (52.2) | 43 (47.8) | 1 (16.7) | 5 (83.3) | |||
| Povidone-Iodine | 265 (28.7) | 658 (71.3) | 172 (47.0) | 194 (53.0) | 93 (16.7) | 464 (83.3) | |||
| Type of incision | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||||
| Midline Vertical | 280 (38.0) | 457 (62.0) | 198 (58.1) | 143 (41.9) | 82 (20.7) | 152 (92.1) | |||
| Pfannenstiel | 37 (15.0) | 210 (85.0) | 24 (29.3) | 58 (70.7) | 13 (7.9) | 314 (79.3) | |||
| Skin suture | < 0.001 | 0.370 | 0.006 | ||||||
| Silk | 237 (34.2) | 456 (65.8) | 167 (49.3) | 172 (50.7) | 70 (19.8) | 284 (80.2) | |||
| Vicryl (absorbable) | 58 (21.9) | 207 (78.1) | 40 (44.0) | 51 (56.0) | 18 (10.3) | 156 (89.7) | |||
| Suture type | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||||
| Interrupted | 268 (38.3) | 432 (61.7) | 190 (58.1) | 137 (41.9) | 78 (20.9) | 295 (79.1) | |||
| Continuous intradermic and semisubcutaneous | 45 (16.7) | 225 (83.3) | 31 (32.3) | 65 (67.7) | 14 (8.0) | 160 (92.0) | |||
| Pre-Incision Prophylaxis | < 0.001 | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||||||
| No | 216 (47.3) | 241 (52.7) | 215 (47.7) | 236 (52.3) | 1 (16.7) | 5 (83.3) | |||
| Yes | 97 (17.0) | 475 (83.0) | 5 (50.0) | 5 (50.0) | 92 (16.4) | 470 (83.6) | |||
| Timing of pre-Incision Prophylaxis | 0.548 | 0.428 | 0.307 | ||||||
| Adequate | 25 (27.2) | 137 (31) | 3 (100) | 2 (50) | 22 (24.7) | 135 (30.8) | |||
| Not adequate | 67 (72.8) | 305 (69) | 0 | 2 (50) | 67 (75.3) | 303 (69.2) | |||
| Post-CS ATB administration | < 0.001 | 1.000 | 0.220 | ||||||
| No | 64 (15.8) | 342 (84.2) | 2 (50.0) | 2 (50.0) | 62 (15.4) | 340 (84.6) | |||
| Yes | 253 (40.4) | 374 (59.6) | 220 (47.9) | 239 (52.1) | 33 (19.6) | 135 (80.4) | |||
aPrimary education; bSecondary education; ccephalopelvic disproportion, bad obstetric history, previous CS