Table 4.
Percent prevalence GARS measured SNPs in non-RDS free controls and mixed ethnicity.*
| GENE | SNP | Percent Prevalence | Comment | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DRD1 | rs4532 | AG = 49* | Drug & alcohol-free but not nicotine and other RDS behaviors Indian population | Prasad et al. [35]. |
| DRD2 | rs1800497 | DRD2-ANKK1 2137G>A (Taq1A) = 22.7 | Controls Never smokers but not well screened for other RDS behaviors | Verde et al. [36]. |
| DRD3 | rs6280 | Ser9Gly variant = 41 | Western Region of Minas Gerais, MG, Brazil, unscreened | Pinto et al. [37]. |
| DRD4 | 48 base repeat VNTR (Chr11 exon3) 7 R & 8 R | Greater than 7R = 19.2 | Worldwide general population | Ding et al. [38]. |
| DAT1 | 40 bases repeat VNTR (hr5,exon15) 9R | VNTR Polymorphism of DAT Gene (SLC6A3) = 9/10 = 38 | Controls healthy European Americans, however, a smoking status not established nor many other RDS behaviors excluding substance abuse. | van Dyck et al. [39]. |
| COMT | Val158/108Met-A allele | GA = 29.4 | Without any history of systematic diseases, psychiatric disorders, asthma, cancer, cataracts, or psychotic disorder with major depression, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder were selected. But not specific to RDS behaviors. | Saravani et al. [40]. |
| MOA-A | 30 bases repeat VNTR Chr X Promoter 3.5 R, 4 R | 3.5 R =58; 4.5R = 41 | Korean children only ADHD screened but no RDS behaviors too young to determine | Hwang et al. [41] |
| 5HTTLPR: (SLC6A4) | 43 bases repeat INDEL/VNTR Chr 17 risk alleles LG. S | Heterozygous short allele = 41 | General population white non-Hispanic | Haberstick et al. [42]. |
| 5HTTLPR: (SLC6A4) | rs25531 and risk alleles | Rs2531= 68 | Indian control no alcohol dependence and other drugs and no psychosis or bipolar depression but nicotine not excluded or any other RDS behavior | Malhotra et al. [43]. |
| Rs4532 Mu-opioid Receptor (OPRM1) | rs1799971 Chr6 risk allele G | rs1799971 AG = 30 | Treatment-Emergent Suicidal Ideation (TESI) subjects following anti-depressant medication divided into TESI (yes) or TESI (No). No RDS screened. | Nobile et al. [44]. |
| GABRB3 | Alpha 3 Chr15 (DNR) risk allele 181 (non G1) | 181= 35 | ADHD compared to non-ADHD controls not screened for RDS behaviors | Gade et al. [45]. |