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. 2020 May 19;41(3):542–557. doi: 10.1007/s10834-020-09679-8

Table 4.

Income Sub-Sample Analysis: Marginal Effects from Probit Models

OFK SFK FC SAV N
2009 Study
 Under $50,000 0.006 0.040*** 0.019*** 0.228*** 12,847
 $50—$99,000 0.001 0.093*** 0.028*** 0.348*** 7,997
 $100 k and higher 0.014 0.075*** 0.024*** 0.270*** 4,250
2012 Study
 Under $50,000 0.001 .028*** 0.021*** 0.211*** 11,113
 $50—$99,000 0.003 0.069*** 0.040*** 0.250*** 7,275
 $100 k and higher 0.002 0.056*** 0.029** 0.203*** 4,308
2015 Study
 Under $50,000 0.014** 0.041*** 0.035*** 0.259*** 11,307
 $50—$99,000 0.007 0.075*** 0.058*** 0.300*** 8,618
 $100 k and higher 0.012 0.048*** 0.031* 0.203*** 4,721
2018 Study
 Under $50,000 0.010* 0.052*** 0.036*** 0.256*** 10,700
 $50—$99,000 0.005 0.056*** 0.046*** 0.263*** 8,328
 $100 k and higher 0.011 0.048*** 0.034*** 0.221*** 4,944

OFK  objective financial knowledge, SFK subjective financial knowledge, FC  financial confidence, SAV savings account ownership

Marginal effects are calculated at sample means * p < .05; ** p < .01; *** p < .001