Table 3.
Association between characteristics of the participants and symptoms of depression
| Characteristic | n | % | Median | Q3 | Q1 | IQR | Mean rank | p-value | Correlation coefficient | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | ||||||||||
| < 20 | 103 | 36.0 | 13.0 | 20.0 | 8.0 | 12.0 | 152.3 | 0.177 | −0.02 | 0.699 |
| ≥ 20 | 183 | 64.0 | 11.0 | 19.0 | 6.0 | 13.0 | 138.6 | |||
| Gender | ||||||||||
| Male | 112 | 39.2 | 12.0 | 19.0 | 7.0 | 12.0 | 144.0 | 0.941 | 0.01 | 0.895 |
| Female | 174 | 60.8 | 12.0 | 19.0 | 6.0 | 13.0 | 143.2 | |||
| Place of residence (born and raised) | ||||||||||
| City | 198 | 69.2 | 12.0 | 19.0 | 7.0 | 12.0 | 145.4 | 0.613 | 0.01 | 0.897 |
| Village | 82 | 28.7 | 11.0 | 20.5 | 6.0 | 14.5 | 141.0 | |||
| Refugee camp | 6 | 2.1 | 7.5 | 15.0 | 2.3 | 12.8 | 113.4 | |||
| Place of current residence during study of medicine | ||||||||||
| Family home | 150 | 52.4 | 11.0 | 18.0 | 6.0 | 12.0 | 134.7 | 0.059 | 0.11 | 0.054 |
| Dormitory | 136 | 47.6 | 13.5 | 20.0 | 8.0 | 12.0 | 153.2 | |||
| Motives for studying medicine | ||||||||||
| Personal motives | 234 | 81.8 | 11.0 | 18.0 | 6.0 | 12.0 | 137.9 | 0.048 | 0.14 | 0.015 |
| Family motives | 44 | 15.4 | 15.0 | 21.3 | 10.0 | 11.3 | 170.1 | |||
| Undeclared | 8 | 2.8 | 12.5 | 19.5 | 11.8 | 7.8 | 162.1 | |||
| If given a chance, would study medicine again? | ||||||||||
| No | 76 | 26.6 | 13.5 | 21.0 | 8.0 | 13.0 | 160.4 | 0.037 | −0.09 | 0.122 |
| Yes | 210 | 73.4 | 11.0 | 18.0 | 6.0 | 12.0 | 137.4 | |||
| Academic stage | ||||||||||
| Basic (academic years 1–3) | 162 | 56.6 | 13.0 | 21.0 | 8.0 | 13.0 | 155.8 | 0.004 | −0.14 | 0.017 |
| Clinical (academic years 4–6) | 124 | 43.4 | 10.0 | 17.3 | 4.8 | 12.5 | 127.5 | |||
| Grade Point Average (GPA) out of 4 | ||||||||||
| < 3 | 89 | 31.1 | 15.0 | 25.0 | 8.0 | 17.0 | 160.4 | 0.020 | −0.15 | 0.011 |
| > 3 | 197 | 68.9 | 11.0 | 18.0 | 6.0 | 12.0 | 135.9 | |||
| Ever failed a subject during your study of medicine | ||||||||||
| No | 213 | 74.5 | 11.0 | 18.0 | 6.0 | 12.0 | 138.2 | 0.062 | 0.15 | 0.011 |
| Yes | 73 | 25.5 | 15.0 | 22.0 | 7.0 | 15.0 | 159.1 | |||
| Mental health status (self-assessed on a Likert-scale of 1–5) | ||||||||||
| 1 (least) | 19 | 6.6 | 30.0 | 34.5 | 19.0 | 15.5 | 240.9 | 0.000 | −0.55 | 0.000 |
| 2 | 59 | 20.6 | 19.0 | 26.0 | 15.0 | 11.0 | 206.2 | |||
| 3 | 89 | 31.1 | 13.0 | 19.0 | 9.0 | 10.0 | 155.4 | |||
| 4 | 94 | 32.9 | 7.0 | 11.8 | 4.0 | 7.8 | 93.4 | |||
| 5 (most) | 25 | 8.7 | 4.0 | 8.0 | 2.0 | 6.0 | 67.6 | |||
| Ever attempted suicide | ||||||||||
| No | 273 | 95.5 | 11.0 | 19.0 | 6.0 | 13.0 | 140.3 | 0.003 | 0.16 | 0.007 |
| Yes | 13 | 4.5 | 21.0 | 35.0 | 13.0 | 22.0 | 210.1 | |||
| Monthly household income in US dollars | ||||||||||
| Low (< 850) | 15 | 5.2 | 14.0 | 21.0 | 8.0 | 13.0 | 161.8 | 0.194 | −0.1 | 0.091 |
| Medium (850–1400) | 90 | 31.5 | 13.0 | 20.8 | 7.3 | 13.5 | 153.8 | |||
| High (> 1400) | 181 | 63.3 | 11.0 | 18.0 | 6.0 | 12.0 | 136.9 | |||
| Financial status (self-assessed on a Likert-scale of 1–5) | ||||||||||
| 1 | 4 | 1.4 | 9.5 | 20.3 | 8.0 | 12.3 | 151.5 | 0.003 | −0.18 | 0.003 |
| 2 | 24 | 8.4 | 17.5 | 24.5 | 14.8 | 9.8 | 200.0 | |||
| 3 | 96 | 33.6 | 13.0 | 21.0 | 7.0 | 14.0 | 149.6 | |||
| 4 | 105 | 36.7 | 12.0 | 18.0 | 6.0 | 12.0 | 136.5 | |||
| 5 | 57 | 19.9 | 9.0 | 16.0 | 4.0 | 12.0 | 121.9 | |||
| Marital status | ||||||||||
| Single | 277 | 96.9 | 12.0 | 19.0 | 7.0 | 12.0 | 143.2 | 0.762 | 0.02 | 0.762 |
| Engaged/Married | 9 | 3.1 | 15.0 | 21.0 | 6.0 | 15.0 | 151.7 | |||
| Social life (self-assessed on a Likert-scale of 1–5) | ||||||||||
| 1 | 9 | 3.1 | 20.0 | 24.0 | 18.0 | 6.0 | 214.1 | 0.000 | −0.34 | 0.000 |
| 2 | 33 | 11.5 | 21.0 | 27.0 | 15.0 | 12.0 | 215.5 | |||
| 3 | 74 | 25.9 | 13.0 | 20.8 | 6.0 | 14.8 | 149.6 | |||
| 4 | 96 | 33.6 | 10.0 | 15.0 | 6.0 | 9.0 | 126.6 | |||
| 5 | 74 | 25.9 | 9.0 | 16.0 | 4.0 | 12.0 | 118.6 | |||
| Religious commitment (self-assessed on a Likert-scale of 1–5) | ||||||||||
| 1 | 26 | 9.1 | 20.0 | 25.8 | 10.3 | 15.5 | 192.9 | 0.000 | −0.29 | 0.000 |
| 2 | 41 | 14.3 | 17.0 | 24.0 | 11.0 | 13.0 | 181.5 | |||
| 3 | 114 | 39.9 | 12.0 | 18.0 | 6.0 | 12.0 | 141.7 | |||
| 4 | 96 | 33.6 | 10.0 | 15.0 | 4.0 | 11.0 | 120.1 | |||
| 5 | 9 | 3.1 | 8.0 | 13.0 | 1.0 | 12.0 | 100.4 | |||
Q1 1st quartile, Q3 3rd quartile, IQR interquartile range