Table 1.

Difficult removal of the Swan-Ganz catheter

Cause	Treatment scheme	Citation
Knot	Retrieval of a knotted Swan-Ganz catheter using an interventional approach.	Shang et al., 2016 [2]
	Removal of the knotted Swan-Ganz catheter by using transesophageal echocardiography.	Yuan et al., 2010 [3]
	Attempts to open the knot percutaneously using a radiological approach failed; the knotted catheter was extracted with surgery.	Chemchik H et al., 2013 [4]
Kink	The catheter was pushed into the right ventricle, providing more room for the catheter to unfurl and allowing for the removal of the Swan-Ganz catheter.	Manoj et al., 2018 [5]
	Under direct fluoroscopic guidance, the interventional radiologist uncoiled the catheter by applying slow sustained traction on both the Cordis and Swan-Ganz catheters. Once the coil of the Swan-Ganz catheter approached the end of the Cordis catheter, both catheters were removed successfully simultaneously causing the coil to unwrap.	James et al., 2012 [6]