Table 1.
Tools reported by the systematic review/meta-analysis authors that were used for the assessment of quality or risk of bias of the included studies more than once (N = 678)
| Tool | N (%) |
|---|---|
| Cochrane tool for RoB assessment | 251 (37) |
| Non-modified version | 241 (36) |
| Modified version | 10 (1.4) |
| Jadad tool | 99 (15) |
| Non-modified version | 92 (14) |
| Modified version | 7 (1.0) |
| Newcastle-Ottawa scale or its adapted version | 30 (4.4) |
| Oxford scale | 29 (4.3) |
| Non-modified version | 10 (1.5) |
| Modified version | 19 (2.7) |
| Criteria of Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) | 24 (3.5) |
| Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) | 18 (2.7) |
| Quality of Reporting of Meta-analyses (QUOROM) | 14 (2.0) |
| Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA) | 10 (1.5) |
| Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS) or QUADAS-2 | 7 (1.0) |
| Criteria of the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) | 5 (0.7) |
| Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) | 4 (0.6) |
| The Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) checklist for RCTs | 4 (0.6) |
| Quality in prognosis studies (QUIPS) tool | 3 (0.4) |
| Downs and Black | 3 (0.4) |
| Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) checklist | 2 (0.3) |
| Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) evaluation scale | 2 (0.3) |
| Strengthening of the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) | 2 (0.3) |
| Centre for Reviews and Dissemination (CRD) recommendations checklist | 2 (0.3) |